Tagaya Hirokuni, Murayama Norio, Fukase Yuko
Nihon Rinsho. 2015 Jun;73(6):942-8.
The role of the circadian system is forecasting the daily and yearly change of environment. Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder (CRSWD) is defined as physical and social impairment caused by misalignment between circadian rhythm and desirable social schedule. CRSWDs are induced by medical or environmental factors as well as dysfunctions of circadian system. Clinicians should be aware that sleep-inducing medications, restless legs syndrome, delirium and less obedience to social schedule are frequent cause of CRSWD among elderly. Bright light therapy and orally administered small dose of melatonin or melatonin agonist at proper circadian phase are recommended treatments. Sleep-inducing medications should not be considered as CRSWD treatments, especially to elderly.
昼夜节律系统的作用是预测环境的每日和每年变化。昼夜节律性睡眠-觉醒障碍（CRSWD）被定义为昼夜节律与理想的社会时间表之间失调所导致的身体和社会功能损害。CRSWD由医学或环境因素以及昼夜节律系统功能障碍诱发。临床医生应意识到，助眠药物、不宁腿综合征、谵妄以及对社会时间表的依从性降低是老年人CRSWD的常见原因。推荐的治疗方法是在适当的昼夜节律阶段进行强光疗法以及口服小剂量褪黑素或褪黑素激动剂。助眠药物不应被视为CRSWD的治疗方法，尤其是对老年人而言。
