Bao Katherine, Reinhardt R Lee
Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
Cytokine. 2015 Sep;75(1):25-37. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.008. Epub 2015 Jun 11.
Allergic disease represents a significant global health burden, and disease incidence continues to rise in urban areas of the world. As such, a better understanding of the basic immune mechanisms underlying disease pathology are key to developing therapeutic interventions to both prevent disease onset as well as to ameliorate disease morbidity in those individuals already suffering from a disorder linked to type-2 inflammation. Two factors central to type-2 immunity are interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which have been linked to virtually all major hallmarks associated with type-2 inflammation. Therefore, IL-4 and IL-13 and their regulatory pathways represent ideal targets to suppress disease. Despite sharing many common regulatory pathways and receptors, these cytokines perform very distinct functions during a type-2 immune response. This review summarizes the literature surrounding the function and expression of IL-4 and IL-13 in CD4+ T cells and innate immune cells. It highlights recent findings in vivo regarding the differential expression and non-canonical regulation of IL-4 and IL-13 in various immune cells, which likely play important and underappreciated roles in type-2 immunity.
过敏性疾病是一项重大的全球健康负担，且在世界城市地区疾病发病率持续上升。因此，更好地理解疾病病理背后的基本免疫机制是开发治疗干预措施的关键，这些措施既能预防疾病发作，又能改善那些已经患有与2型炎症相关疾病的个体的疾病发病率。2型免疫的两个核心因素是白细胞介素（IL）-4和IL-13，它们几乎与所有与2型炎症相关的主要特征都有关联。因此，IL-4和IL-13及其调节途径是抑制疾病的理想靶点。尽管这两种细胞因子共享许多共同的调节途径和受体，但它们在2型免疫反应中发挥着非常不同的功能。本综述总结了围绕IL-4和IL-13在CD4 + T细胞和先天免疫细胞中的功能和表达的文献。它强调了近期在体内关于IL-4和IL-13在各种免疫细胞中的差异表达和非经典调节的研究发现，这些发现可能在2型免疫中发挥重要但未得到充分认识的作用。
