Gvozdenac S, Inđić D, Vuković S, Marković N, Takač A
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2014;79(3):545-51.
Intensive use of pesticides, especially insecticides, in agriculture during the past several decades has already led to contamination of surface and underground waters and sediments in some regions, thus presents a serious problem for the environment. Lindane was one of frequently applied insecticides for soil treatment. In Serbia, it has been in use since 1944, but in the period 2001-2007 its use was restricted only to timber treatments. In 2009 an international ban on the use of lindane in agriculture was implemented under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. However, due to a long-term use and persistence, its residues can be present in underground water and sediment, thus present a potential risk for incorporation in food chains. According to Directive 2008/105/EC it is listed as one of the priority water pollutants, whose presence is mainly detected by chemical methods. However, biological tests are gaining in importance in the last few years and since some plant species are highly sensitive to certain pollutants. This work aimed to assess potential of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as phyto-indicators of water contamination with lindane. The effect of lindane (rates 0.1 μg a.i./L--maximal allowable concentration (MAC) in water; 0.2; 0.5; 1 and 2 μg a.i./L) was assessed on physiological (germination energy and germination- %) and morphological parameters (root and shoot lengths, fresh and dry weights) of tested species. Assay was carried out using slightly modified filter paper method recommended by ISTA Regulations book (2011). The experiment was set in four replicates. Data were processed using Duncan's multiple range test for determining the differences between treatments for confidence interval 95%. Results of bioassay indicate that germination energy (70.75%) and germination (79.00%) of white mustard were significantly inhibited by lindane applied at MAC rate compared to the control (79.75, 82.00%, respectively). Physiological parameters of other test species were not affected by this insecticide. Lindane inhibited root elongation of barley seedlings at 2 μg a.i./L (20-fold MAC) and of cucumber at 0.5 μg a.i./L (5-fold MAC). Only fresh root weight of barley was inhibited by lindane at MAC quantities. Based on presented results, valid and reliable indicators of lindane presence in water can be considered germination energy and germination of white mustard and fresh root weight of barley seedlings.
在过去几十年里，农业中大量使用农药，尤其是杀虫剂，已经导致一些地区的地表水、地下水和沉积物受到污染，从而给环境带来了严重问题。林丹是一种常用于土壤处理的杀虫剂。在塞尔维亚，自1944年以来一直在使用林丹，但在2001 - 2007年期间，其使用仅限于木材处理。2009年，根据《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》，国际上实施了对农业中使用林丹的禁令。然而，由于其长期使用和持久性，其残留物可能存在于地下水和沉积物中，从而对食物链构成潜在风险。根据指令2008/105/EC，它被列为优先水污染物之一，其存在主要通过化学方法检测。然而，在过去几年中，生物测试的重要性日益增加，因为一些植物物种对某些污染物高度敏感。这项工作旨在评估白芥（Sinapis alba L.）、黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）和大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）作为林丹水污染植物指示物的潜力。评估了林丹（浓度为0.1微克有效成分/升——水中最大允许浓度（MAC）；0.2；0.5；1和2微克有效成分/升）对受试物种生理参数（发芽势和发芽率）和形态参数（根长和茎长、鲜重和干重）的影响。试验采用了国际种子检验协会法规手册（2011年）推荐的稍加修改的滤纸法进行。实验设置了四个重复。使用邓肯多重极差检验对数据进行处理，以确定95%置信区间内各处理之间的差异。生物测定结果表明，与对照（分别为79.75%、82.00%）相比，以MAC浓度施用林丹时，白芥的发芽势（70.75%）和发芽率（79.00%）受到显著抑制。其他受试物种的生理参数未受这种杀虫剂影响。林丹在2微克有效成分/升（20倍MAC）时抑制大麦幼苗的根伸长，在0.5微克有效成分/升（5倍MAC）时抑制黄瓜的根伸长。仅MAC剂量的林丹抑制了大麦的鲜根重。根据给出的结果，白芥的发芽势和发芽率以及大麦幼苗的鲜根重可被视为水中林丹存在的有效且可靠的指示物。
