Hehman Eric, Flake Jessica K, Freeman Jonathan B
New York University, New York City, USA
University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2015 Aug;41(8):1123-34. doi: 10.1177/0146167215591495. Epub 2015 Jun 18.
Individuals are quite sensitive to others' appearance cues when forming social evaluations. Cues such as facial emotional resemblance are based on facial musculature and thus dynamic. Cues such as a face's structure are based on the underlying bone and are thus relatively static. The current research examines the distinction between these types of facial cues by investigating the consistency in social evaluations arising from dynamic versus static cues. Specifically, across four studies using real faces, digitally generated faces, and downstream behavioral decisions, we demonstrate that social evaluations based on dynamic cues, such as intentions, have greater variability across multiple presentations of the same identity than do social evaluations based on static cues, such as ability. Thus, although evaluations of intentions vary considerably across different instances of a target's face, evaluations of ability are relatively fixed. The findings highlight the role of facial cues' consistency in the stability of social evaluations.
在形成社会评价时，个体对他人的外貌线索相当敏感。诸如面部情绪相似性之类的线索基于面部肌肉组织，因此是动态的。诸如面部结构之类的线索基于 underlying bone（此处原文有误，推测为“基础骨骼”），因此相对静态。当前的研究通过调查动态线索与静态线索所产生的社会评价的一致性，来检验这些类型的面部线索之间的区别。具体而言，在四项使用真实面孔、数字生成面孔以及下游行为决策的研究中，我们证明，基于动态线索（如意向）的社会评价在同一身份的多次呈现中，比基于静态线索（如能力）的社会评价具有更大的变异性。因此，尽管对意向的评价在目标面孔的不同实例之间有很大差异，但对能力的评价相对固定。这些发现凸显了面部线索一致性在社会评价稳定性中的作用。
