Pawling Ralph, Kirkham Alexander J, Tipper Steven P, Over Harriet
School of Natural Sciences & Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK.
Br J Psychol. 2017 Feb;108(1):169-190. doi: 10.1111/bjop.12182. Epub 2016 Feb 1.
Dynamic face cues can be very salient, as when observing sudden shifts of gaze to a new location, or a change of expression from happy to angry. These highly salient social cues influence judgments of another person during the course of an interaction. However, other dynamic cues, such as pupil dilation, are much more subtle, affecting judgments of another person even without awareness. We asked whether such subtle, incidentally perceived, dynamic cues could be encoded in to memory and retrieved at a later time. The current study demonstrates that in some circumstances changes in pupil size in another person are indeed encoded into memory and influence judgments of that individual at a later time. Furthermore, these judgments interact with the perceived trustworthiness of the individual and the nature of the social context. The effect is somewhat variable, however, possibly reflecting individual differences and the inherent ambiguity of pupil dilation/constriction.
动态面部线索可能非常显著，比如观察到目光突然转向新位置，或者表情从高兴变为愤怒时。这些高度显著的社交线索在互动过程中会影响对他人的判断。然而，其他动态线索，如瞳孔扩张，则要微妙得多，即使在没有意识的情况下也会影响对他人的判断。我们询问了这种微妙的、偶然察觉到的动态线索是否能够被编码到记忆中，并在之后被提取出来。当前的研究表明，在某些情况下，他人瞳孔大小的变化确实会被编码到记忆中，并在之后影响对该个体的判断。此外，这些判断还会与对该个体的可信赖程度的感知以及社交背景的性质相互作用。不过，这种效应有些多变，可能反映了个体差异以及瞳孔扩张/收缩所固有的模糊性。
