Shu K, Meng Y J, Shuai H W, Liu W G, Du J B, Liu J, Yang W Y
Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China of Ministry of Agriculture, and Department of Biotechnology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2015 Nov;17(6):1104-12. doi: 10.1111/plb.12356. Epub 2015 Jul 14.
Whether seeds germinate or maintain dormancy is decided upon through very intricate physiological processes. Correct timing of these processes is most important for the plants life cycle. If moist conditions are encountered, a low dormancy level causes pre-harvest sprouting in various crop species, such as wheat, corn and rice, this decreases crop yield and negatively impacts downstream industrial processing. In contrast, a deep level of seed dormancy prevents normal germination even under favourable conditions, resulting in a low emergence rate during agricultural production. Therefore, an optimal seed dormancy level is valuable for modern mechanised agricultural systems. Over the past several years, numerous studies have demonstrated that diverse endogenous and environmental factors regulate the balance between dormancy and germination, such as light, temperature, water status and bacteria in soil, and phytohormones such as ABA (abscisic acid) and GA (gibberellic acid). In this updated review, we highlight recent advances regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of seed dormancy and germination processes, including the external environmental and internal hormonal cues, and primarily focusing on the staple crop species. Furthermore, future challenges and research directions for developing a full understanding of crop seed dormancy and germination are also discussed.
种子是发芽还是保持休眠状态是由非常复杂的生理过程决定的。这些过程的正确时机对植物的生命周期至关重要。如果遇到潮湿的环境，低休眠水平会导致小麦、玉米和水稻等各种作物品种在收获前发芽，这会降低作物产量，并对下游工业加工产生负面影响。相反，深度的种子休眠即使在有利条件下也会阻止正常发芽，导致农业生产中的出苗率较低。因此，最佳的种子休眠水平对现代机械化农业系统很有价值。在过去的几年里，大量研究表明，多种内源性和环境因素调节着休眠与发芽之间的平衡，如光照、温度、水分状况、土壤中的细菌，以及脱落酸（ABA）和赤霉素（GA）等植物激素。在这篇更新的综述中，我们重点介绍了种子休眠和发芽调控分子机制的最新进展，包括外部环境和内部激素信号，并主要聚焦于主要农作物品种。此外，还讨论了全面理解作物种子休眠和发芽所面临的未来挑战和研究方向。
