Chard Anna N, Finneran Catherine, Sullivan Patrick S, Stephenson Rob
a Department of Environmental Health , Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta , USA.
b Department of Epidemiology , Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta , USA.
Cult Health Sex. 2015;17(10):1174-89. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2015.1042917. Epub 2015 Jun 22.
Experiences of homophobic discrimination are associated with an increased prevalence of psychological disorders and increased odds of reporting suicidal ideation among gay and bisexual men. We examine two domains of homophobia--external homophobic discrimination and internalised homophobia--and their associations with sexual orientation, demographic characteristics, relationships and social support among a sample of gay and bisexual men from seven countries. Sexually active gay and bisexual men aged over 18 and residing in Australia, Brazil, Canada, South Africa, Thailand, the UK and the USA were recruited through banner advertisements on Facebook. Two outcomes were examined: reporting experiences of homophobic discrimination and reporting feelings of internalised homophobia. No covariates were consistently significantly associated with experiencing external homophobic discrimination across countries. Across all countries, bisexually identifying respondents reported significantly greater feelings of internalised homophobia. Respondents in Brazil and the UK reporting a main partner, and respondents in Australia, Brazil, Canada, South Africa, Thailand and the USA reporting a larger gay/bisexual social network, reported significantly fewer feelings of internalised homophobia. Results suggest an ameliorative effect of social networks on experiencing homophobia. Additional research should focus on the mechanisms through which social networks reduce feelings of internalised homophobia.
恐同歧视经历与心理障碍患病率增加以及男同性恋者和双性恋男性报告自杀意念的几率增加有关。我们研究了恐同症的两个方面——外部恐同歧视和内化恐同症——以及它们与来自七个国家的男同性恋者和双性恋男性样本中的性取向、人口特征、人际关系和社会支持之间的关联。通过脸书上的横幅广告招募了年龄在18岁以上、居住在澳大利亚、巴西、加拿大、南非、泰国、英国和美国的性活跃男同性恋者和双性恋男性。研究了两个结果:报告恐同歧视经历和报告内化恐同症感受。在各个国家,没有协变量与经历外部恐同歧视始终存在显著关联。在所有国家中,自我认同为双性恋的受访者报告的内化恐同症感受明显更强烈。在巴西和英国报告有主要伴侣的受访者,以及在澳大利亚、巴西、加拿大、南非、泰国和美国报告有更大的同性恋/双性恋社交网络的受访者,报告的内化恐同症感受明显更少。结果表明社交网络对经历恐同症有改善作用。进一步的研究应聚焦于社交网络减少内化恐同症感受的机制。
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