Broekman Henrike, Knulst André, den Hartog Jager Stans, Monteleone Francesca, Gaspari Marco, de Jong Govardus, Houben Geert, Verhoeckx Kitty
Department of Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università "Magna Graecia" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015 Sep;59(9):1855-64. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201500138. Epub 2015 Jul 1.
The growing world population requires the exploration of new sustainable protein sources to ensure food security. Insects such as mealworm are promising candidates. For safety reasons, a risk assessment, including allergy risks, is needed. Since allergenicity can be influenced by thermal processing, it is highly important to take this into account.
Fresh mealworm was heat processed and extracted by a sequential extraction method using in succession Tris, urea, and a combined SDS/DTT buffer. Extracts were tested using immunoblot, basophil activation test and skin prick test in 15 shrimp allergic patients, previously indicated as population at risk for mealworm allergy. Immunoblots showed a difference in IgE binding between processed and unprocessed mealworm extracts. However, this was due to change in solubility. Some allergens were soluble in urea buffer, but became more soluble in Tris buffer and vice versa. IgE binding was seen for all extracts in blot and basophil activation test. The results from 13 skin prick tests showed a skin reaction similar between processed and unprocessed mealworm.
Thermal processing did not lower allergenicity but clearly changed solubility of mealworm allergens. A sequential extraction method allowed for assessment of a broader protein panel.
不断增长的世界人口需要探索新的可持续蛋白质来源以确保粮食安全。黄粉虫等昆虫是有前景的候选者。出于安全考虑，需要进行风险评估，包括过敏风险评估。由于热加工会影响致敏性，因此将其考虑在内非常重要。
对新鲜黄粉虫进行热加工，并采用连续萃取法依次使用Tris、尿素和SDS/DTT混合缓冲液进行萃取。在15名虾过敏患者中使用免疫印迹法、嗜碱性粒细胞活化试验和皮肤点刺试验对提取物进行检测，这些患者之前被认定为有黄粉虫过敏风险的人群。免疫印迹显示，经过加工和未加工的黄粉虫提取物之间的IgE结合存在差异。然而，这是由于溶解度的变化。一些过敏原可溶于尿素缓冲液，但在Tris缓冲液中溶解度更高，反之亦然。在印迹和嗜碱性粒细胞活化试验中，所有提取物均出现IgE结合。13次皮肤点刺试验的结果显示，经过加工和未加工的黄粉虫引起的皮肤反应相似。
热加工并未降低黄粉虫的致敏性，但明显改变了其过敏原的溶解度。连续萃取法能够评估更广泛的蛋白质组。
