State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; email:
Annu Rev Biophys. 2015;44:257-83. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-060414-033901.
The ancient and ubiquitous major facilitator superfamily (MFS) represents the largest secondary transporter family and plays a crucial role in a multitude of physiological processes. MFS proteins transport a broad spectrum of ions and solutes across membranes via facilitated diffusion, symport, or antiport. In recent years, remarkable advances in understanding the structural biology of the MFS transporters have been made. This article reviews the history, classification, and general features of the MFS proteins; summarizes recent structural progress with a focus on the sugar porter family transporters exemplified by GLUT1; and discusses the molecular mechanisms of substrate binding, alternating access, and cotransport coupling.
古老而普遍存在的主要易化超家族（MFS）代表了最大的次级转运蛋白家族，在多种生理过程中发挥着关键作用。MFS 蛋白通过易化扩散、协同运输或反向运输将广泛的离子和溶质跨膜运输。近年来，对 MFS 转运蛋白结构生物学的理解取得了显著进展。本文回顾了 MFS 蛋白的历史、分类和一般特征；总结了最近的结构进展，重点介绍了以 GLUT1 为代表的糖载体家族转运蛋白；并讨论了底物结合、交替访问和共转运偶联的分子机制。
