G蛋白偶联受体Mas相关基因X2（MrgX2）的起源、表达、功能及未来研究重点
The Origin, Expression, Function and Future Research Focus of a G Protein-coupled Receptor, Mas-related Gene X2 (MrgX2).
作者信息
Wu Haihui, Zeng Meiqi, Cho Eric Y P, Jiang Wenqi, Sha Ou
机构信息
Department of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen, China.
出版信息
Prog Histochem Cytochem. 2015 Jul;50(1-2):11-7. doi: 10.1016/j.proghi.2015.06.001. Epub 2015 Jun 8.
Mas-related genes (Mrgs) belong to a large family of G protein-coupled receptor genes found in rodents. Human MRGX proteins are G protein-coupled 7-transmembrane proteins sharing 41-52% amino acid identity with each other, but have no orthologs in rodents. MrgX2 is a member of the MrgX family. MRGX2 is expressed in the small neurons of sensory ganglia and mast cells. It can interact with a series of factors and genes such as the peptides substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, cortistatin (CST), proadrenomedullin N-terminal peptide (PAMP), LL-37, PMX-53 and β-defensins. MRGX2 is related to nociception, adrenal gland secretion and mast cell degranulation. Recent research on MrgX2 provides insights into its role in nociception and anti-microbial activities. This article reviewed the origin, expression and function of MrgX2, and discussed possible future research focus.
Mas相关基因（Mrgs）属于在啮齿动物中发现的一大类G蛋白偶联受体基因家族。人类MRGX蛋白是G蛋白偶联的7次跨膜蛋白，彼此之间氨基酸同源性为41%-52%，但在啮齿动物中没有直系同源物。MrgX2是MrgX家族的一员。MRGX2在感觉神经节的小神经元和肥大细胞中表达。它可以与一系列因子和基因相互作用，如P物质、血管活性肠肽、促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CST）、肾上腺髓质素原N端肽（PAMP）、LL-37、PMX-53和β-防御素。MRGX2与伤害感受、肾上腺分泌和肥大细胞脱颗粒有关。最近对MrgX2的研究为其在伤害感受和抗菌活性中的作用提供了见解。本文综述了MrgX2的起源、表达和功能，并讨论了未来可能的研究重点。
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