医护人员乙肝预防行为意向的预测因素
Predictors of Hepatitis B Preventive Behavioral Intentions in Healthcare Workers.
作者信息
Morowatishaifabad Mohammad Ali, Zare Sakhvidi Mohammad Javad, Gholianavval Mahdi, Masoudi Boroujeni Darioush, Alavijeh Mahdi Mirzaei
机构信息
Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
出版信息
Saf Health Work. 2015 Jun;6(2):139-42. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2014.12.001. Epub 2014 Dec 16.
BACKGROUND
Healthcare workers' practices regarding hepatitis B have an important effect on the control of this problem in workplaces.
METHODS
A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was used to investigate the role of knowledge, cues to action, and risk perceptions as predictors of preventive behavioral intentions for hepatitis B among healthcare works in Broujen, Iran (n = 150). History of hepatitis B vaccination, hepatitis B surface antigen test, and demographic characteristics were investigated. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were established.
RESULTS
Those who had a history of hepatitis B surface antigen test had a statistically significant higher level of risk perceptions (30.89 ± 4.08 vs. 28.41 ± 3.93, p < 0.01) and preventive behavioral intentions (5.05 ± 1.43 vs. 4.45 ± 1.29, p < 0.01). The mean score of cues to action was significantly correlated with age and work history (r = 0.20, p = 0.02 and r = 0.19, p = 0.02). Preventive behavioral intentions were significantly correlated with cues to action and risk perceptions but not with knowledge level. Cognitional factors were responsible for a 17% change in observed variance of preventive behavioral intentions, which was statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
Risk perceptions were the most important determinant of preventive behavioral intentions for hepatitis B among health personnel; thus, emphasizing risk perceptions is recommended in educational programs aimed at increasing health personnel's practices regarding hepatitis B.
背景
医护人员针对乙型肝炎的行为对工作场所中该问题的控制具有重要影响。
方法
采用基于问卷调查的横断面研究，调查知识、行动提示和风险认知作为伊朗布鲁詹医护人员（n = 150）乙型肝炎预防行为意图预测因素的作用。调查了乙型肝炎疫苗接种史、乙型肝炎表面抗原检测情况和人口统计学特征。确定了问卷的心理测量特性。
结果
有乙型肝炎表面抗原检测史的人员在风险认知水平（30.89 ± 4.08 对 28.41 ± 3.93，p < 0.01）和预防行为意图（5.05 ± 1.43 对 4.45 ± 1.29，p < 0.01）方面在统计学上显著更高。行动提示的平均得分与年龄和工作经历显著相关（r = 0.20，p = 0.02 和 r = 0.19，p = 0.02）。预防行为意图与行动提示和风险认知显著相关，但与知识水平无关。认知因素导致预防行为意图观察方差变化的 17%，具有统计学意义。
结论
风险认知是卫生人员乙型肝炎预防行为意图的最重要决定因素；因此，在旨在增加卫生人员乙型肝炎相关行为的教育项目中，建议强调风险认知。
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