†Department for Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
‡Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Environ Sci Technol. 2015 Jul 21;49(14):8386-95. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01648. Epub 2015 Jul 7.
The production and use of long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) must comply with national and international regulations. Driven by increasingly stringent regulations, their production has been outsourced to less regulated countries in Asia. In addition, the fluoropolymer industry started to use fluorinated alternatives, such as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid (HFPO-DA). Between August 2013 and September 2014, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of HFPO-DA and legacy PFASs in surface waters of the following river/estuary systems: the Elbe and Rhine Rivers in Germany, the Rhine-Meuse delta in The Netherlands, and the Xiaoqing River in China. Distinct differences were revealed among the study areas; notably, the Chinese samples were highly polluted by an industrial point source discharging mainly perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). This particular point source resulted in concentrations more than 6000 times higher than an industrial point source observed in the Scheur River, where HFPO-DA was the dominant compound with a concentration of 73.1 ng/L. Moreover, HFPO-DA was detected in all samples along the coastline of the North Sea, indicating that the compound may be transported from the Rhine-Meuse delta into the German Bight via the water current. To the best of our knowledge, the fluorinated alternative, HFPO-DA, was detected for the first time in surface waters of Germany and China.
长链全氟烷基物质（PFASs）的生产和使用必须遵守国家和国际法规。受日益严格的法规的推动，其生产已外包给亚洲法规较少的国家。此外，氟聚合物行业开始使用氟化替代品，如 2,3,3,3-四氟-2-（1,1,2,2,3,3,3-七氟丙氧基）丙酸钠（HFPO-DA）。在 2013 年 8 月至 2014 年 9 月期间，我们调查了德国的易北河和莱茵河、荷兰的莱茵河-马斯三角洲以及中国的小清河等河流/河口系统地表水的 HFPO-DA 和传统 PFASs 的发生和分布情况。研究区域之间存在明显差异；值得注意的是，中国的样本受到一个主要排放全氟辛酸（PFOA）的工业点源的高度污染。该特定点源导致浓度比在 Scheur 河观察到的工业点源高出 6000 多倍，而 HFPO-DA 是该点源的主要化合物，浓度为 73.1ng/L。此外，HFPO-DA 还在北海沿岸的所有样本中均有检测到，表明该化合物可能通过水流从莱茵河-马斯三角洲运入德国湾。据我们所知，HFPO-DA 这种氟化替代品是首次在德国和中国的地表水中检测到。
