Liu Zhengzheng, Zhou Jingqing, Xu Yalu, Lu Jiafeng, Chen Jinyuan, Wang Jing
College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, Forewarning and Quality Control Hangzhou China.
RSC Adv. 2022 Aug 2;12(33):21247-21254. doi: 10.1039/d2ra02385g. eCollection 2022 Jul 21.
The presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the food chain poses a threat to human health. Water and the atmosphere are the major transport pathways for PFASs in the environment, while water, soil and sediment are sinks. Herein, the concentrations and distributions of traditional and emerging PFASs in multi-environmental media samples in the Qiantang River watershed were comprehensively investigated. Twenty-five PFASs, including seven emerging PFASs, were identified. The concentrations in water, soil, sediment and PM ranged from 3.58 to 786 ng L, 0.72 to 12.3 ng g, 0.73 to 6.60 ng g, and 93.9 to 255 pg m, respectively, with mean concentrations of 149 ng L, 4.70 ng g, 4.31 ng g, and 156 pg m. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the dominant contaminant in water, soil, and sediment, and perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) was the dominant contaminant in PM. Hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA) and 6 : 2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6 : 2 Cl-PFESA), as substitutes for PFOA and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), were detected, indicating the gradual replacement of traditional PFOA and PFOS in this area. Perfluoro-3,6-dioxaheptanoic acid (NFDHA), as a component of the aqueous film-forming foam FN-3, was first detected in this area. Short-chain PFASs were mainly distributed in water and PM, while long-chain PFASs were distributed in the solid phase, such as soil, sediment, and PM. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), the major PFAS sources were emulsifiers from fluorine polymerization and surface-active agents from the textile, papermaking, leather, and other industries. In addition, correlation analysis showed that water was the main source and transport pathway of short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA), HFPO-DA, and NFDHA in this area, while the atmosphere combined with PM was the main transport pathway for both short- and long-chain PFCAs, PFOS, and 6 : 2 Cl-PFESA.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）在食物链中的存在对人类健康构成威胁。水和大气是环境中PFASs的主要传输途径，而水、土壤和沉积物则是汇。在此，对钱塘江流域多环境介质样品中传统和新兴PFASs的浓度及分布进行了全面调查。共鉴定出25种PFASs，其中包括7种新兴PFASs。水、土壤、沉积物和颗粒物中的浓度分别为3.58至786 ng/L、0.72至12.3 ng/g、0.73至6.60 ng/g和93.9至255 pg/m³，平均浓度分别为149 ng/L、4.70 ng/g、4.31 ng/g和156 pg/m³。全氟辛酸（PFOA）是水、土壤和沉积物中的主要污染物，全氟戊酸（PFPeA）是颗粒物中的主要污染物。检测到了作为PFOA和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）替代品的六氟环氧丙烷二聚酸（HFPO-DA）和6:2氯代多氟醚磺酸盐（6:2 Cl-PFESA），表明该地区传统的PFOA和PFOS正在逐渐被替代。全氟-3,6-二氧杂庚酸（NFDHA）作为水成膜泡沫FN-3的一种成分，首次在该地区被检测到。短链PFASs主要分布在水和颗粒物中，而长链PFASs则分布在土壤、沉积物和颗粒物等固相物质中。基于主成分分析（PCA），PFASs的主要来源是氟化物聚合中的乳化剂以及纺织、造纸、皮革等行业的表面活性剂。此外，相关性分析表明，水是该地区短链全氟烷基羧酸（PFCA）、HFPO-DA和NFDHA的主要来源和传输途径，而大气与颗粒物相结合是短链和长链PFCA、PFOS及6:2 Cl-PFESA的主要传输途径。
