United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501, USA.
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501, USA.
Chemosphere. 2016 Jan;142:176-83. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.015. Epub 2015 Jun 22.
In the Coastal Plains region of the United States, the hard setting subsoil layer of Norfolk soils results in low water holding capacity and nutrient retention, which often limits root development. In this region, the Norfolk soils are under intensive crop production that further depletes nutrients and reduces organic carbon (C). Incorporation of pyrolyzed organic residues or "biochars" can provide an alternative recalcitrant C source. However, biochar quality and effect can be inconsistent and different biochars react differently in soils. We hypothesized that addition of different designer biochars will have variable effects on biomass and nutrient uptake of winter wheat. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of designer biochars on biomass productivity and nutrient uptake of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a Norfolk's hard setting subsoil layer. Biochars were added to Norfolk's hard setting subsoil layer at the rate of 40 Mg ha(-1). The different sources of biochars were: plant-based (pine chips, PC); animal-based (poultry litter, PL); 50:50 blend (50% PC:50% PL); 80:20 blend (80% PC:20% PL); and hardwood (HW). Aboveground and belowground biomass and nutrient uptake of winter wheat varied significantly (p⩽0.0001) with the different designer biochar applications. The greatest increase in the belowground biomass of winter wheat over the control was from 80:20 blend of PC:PL (81%) followed by HW (76%), PC (59%) and 50:50 blend of PC:PL (9%). However, application of PL resulted in significant reduction of belowground biomass by about 82% when compared to the control plants. The average uptake of P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Al, Fe, Cu and Zn in both the aboveground and belowground biomass of winter wheat varied remarkably with biochar treatments. Overall, our results showed promising significance for the treatment of a Norfolk's hard setting subsoil layer since designer biochars did improve both aboveground/belowground biomass and nutrient uptake of winter wheat.
在美国的沿海平原地区，诺福克土壤的硬底层导致保水能力和养分保持能力低，这通常限制了根系的发育。在该地区，诺福克土壤用于集约化的作物生产，进一步消耗了养分并减少了有机碳（C）。热解有机残留物或“生物炭”的添加可以提供一种替代的难降解 C 源。然而，生物炭的质量和效果可能不一致，不同的生物炭在土壤中的反应也不同。我们假设，添加不同设计的生物炭会对冬小麦的生物量和养分吸收产生不同的影响。本研究的目的是研究不同设计生物炭对诺福克硬底层冬小麦生物量生产力和养分吸收的影响。生物炭以 40 Mg ha(-1) 的速率添加到诺福克硬底层。生物炭的不同来源是：植物源（松屑，PC）；动物源（家禽粪肥，PL）；50:50 混合物（50% PC:50% PL）；80:20 混合物（80% PC:20% PL）；和硬木（HW）。冬小麦地上和地下生物量和养分吸收随不同设计生物炭的应用而显著变化（p ⩽0.0001）。与对照相比，PC:PL 80:20 混合物（81%）对冬小麦地下生物量的促进作用最大，其次是 HW（76%）、PC（59%）和 PC:PL 50:50 混合物（9%）。然而，与对照植物相比，PL 的应用使地下生物量显著减少了约 82%。冬小麦地上和地下生物量中 P、K、Ca、Mg、Na、Al、Fe、Cu 和 Zn 的平均吸收量随生物炭处理有显著差异。总体而言，我们的结果对处理诺福克硬底层具有重要意义，因为设计生物炭确实提高了冬小麦的地上/地下生物量和养分吸收。
