Silva T Mariniello, de Medeiros A Nunes, Oliveira R Lopes, Gonzaga Neto S, Ribeiro M Divino, Bagaldo A Regina, Ribeiro O Lolato
J Anim Sci. 2015 Jun;93(6):2998-3005. doi: 10.2527/jas.2014-8548.
This study aimed to test the hypothesis that peanut cake can substitute for soybean meal in the feed of ruminants on the basis of the intake, performance, digestion, and serum urea and glucose concentration in crossbred Boer × indigenous goat kids. Forty intact vaccinated and dewormed crossbred Boer × indigenous goat kids (average age = 5 mo, average BW = 15.6 ± 2.7 kg) were used. The goats were fed Tifton-85 (Cynodon dactylon) hay and concentrate mixes of corn bran, soybean meal, premix mineral, and peanut cake substituted for soybean meal at rates of 0.0%, 33.33%, 66.67%, and 100%. The animals were confined for 62 d, and the digestibility trial was performed from d 27 to 31 of confinement. Samples of orts and feces were quantified and collected from each animal during this period. On the d 32 of confinement, a blood sample was taken from animals to measure urea N and glucose. Data were analyzed with a regression model. Substitution of soybean meal with peanut cake in the diet of the animals resulted in a reduction in intake of DM (P = 0.02), CP (P = 0.03), NDF (P = 0.03), nonfiber carbohydrate (NFC; P = 0.01), and TDN (P = 0.02) and an increase in intake of ether extract (P < 0.001). The total and daily average weight gains decreased (P = 0.02) with substitution, whereas G:F was not influenced (P = 0.11). With the exception of ether extract digestibility, which increased (P < 0.001) with substitution, digestibility of DM (P = 0.13), OM (P = 0.18), CP (P = 0.54), NDF (P = 0.20), and NFC (P = 0.73) was not influenced by diets. The concentration of serum urea N was influenced quadratically by the postprandial time for treatments with 33.33%, 66.67%, and 100.00% substitution. Peanut cake is not a complete, equal substitute for soybean meal in goat feed. However, peanut cake may represent an eventual replacer able to reduce goat producers’ dependence on traditional ingredients in the feed of growing goat kids.
本研究旨在基于杂交波尔×本地山羊羔的采食量、生产性能、消化率以及血清尿素和葡萄糖浓度，验证花生饼能否替代反刍动物饲料中的豆粕这一假设。选用了40只已接种疫苗并驱虫的杂交波尔×本地山羊羔（平均年龄 = 5月龄，平均体重 = 15.6 ± 2.7千克）。给山羊饲喂蒂夫顿85（宽叶雀稗）干草以及由玉米麸、豆粕、预混矿物质和以0.0%、33.33%、66.67%和100%的比例替代豆粕的花生饼组成的精料混合料。动物被圈养62天，在圈养的第27至31天进行消化率试验。在此期间，对每只动物的剩料和粪便样本进行定量和收集。在圈养的第32天，采集动物血液样本以测定尿素氮和葡萄糖。数据采用回归模型进行分析。用花生饼替代动物日粮中的豆粕导致干物质（DM）摄入量降低（P = 0.02）、粗蛋白（CP）摄入量降低（P = 0.03）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）摄入量降低（P = 0.03）、非纤维碳水化合物（NFC）摄入量降低（P = 0.01）和总可消化养分（TDN）摄入量降低（P = 0.02），而乙醚提取物摄入量增加（P < 0.001）。随着替代比例增加，总体重增加量和日均体重增加量均降低（P = 0.02），而料重比不受影响（P = 0.11）。除乙醚提取物消化率随着替代比例增加而提高（P < 0.001）外，DM消化率（P = 0.13）、有机物（OM）消化率（P = 0.18）、CP消化率（P = 0.54）、NDF消化率（P = 0.20）和NFC消化率（P = 0.73）均不受日粮影响。对于替代比例为33.33%、66.67%和100.00%的处理，血清尿素氮浓度受餐后时间的二次影响。花生饼在山羊饲料中并非豆粕的完全等同替代品。然而，花生饼可能最终成为一种能够减少山羊养殖户对生长山羊羔饲料中传统成分依赖的替代品。
