Biotechnology Program, Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugarland, TX, 77479, USA.
Mechanical Engineering Technology Program, Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022 Feb;106(4):1355-1374. doi: 10.1007/s00253-021-11749-2. Epub 2022 Jan 31.
Mushrooms are high-value products that can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass. Mushrooms are the fruiting body of fungi and are domestically cultivated using lignocellulosic biomass obtained from agricultural byproducts and woody biomass. A handful of edible mushroom species are commercially cultivated at small, medium, and large scales for culinary and medicinal use. Details about different lignocellulosic biomass and their composition that are commonly used to produce mushrooms are outlined in this review. In addition, discussions on four major processing steps (i) producing solid and liquid spawn, (ii) conventional and mechanized processing lignocellulosic biomass substrates to produce mushroom beds, (iii) maintaining growth conditions in climate-controlled rooms, and (iv) energy requirements and managements to produce mushrooms are also provided. The new processing methods and technology outlined in this review may allow mushrooms to be economically and sustainably produced at a small scale to satisfy the growing food needs and create rural jobs. KEY POINTS: • Some of the challenges faced by small-scale mushroom growers are presented. This review is expected to stimulate more research to address the challenges.
蘑菇是高价值产品，可以用木质纤维素生物质生产。蘑菇是真菌的子实体，在国内使用农业副产品和木质生物质获得的木质纤维素生物质进行栽培。少数几种可食用蘑菇品种在小规模、中规模和大规模进行商业化种植，用于烹饪和药用。本文综述了用于生产蘑菇的不同木质纤维素生物质及其成分的详细信息。此外，还讨论了四个主要的加工步骤：（i）生产固体和液体孢子，（ii）常规和机械化处理木质纤维素生物质基质以生产蘑菇床，（iii）在气候控制室内维持生长条件，以及（iv）生产蘑菇的能源需求和管理。本文综述中概述的新加工方法和技术可能使蘑菇能够以小规模经济且可持续的方式生产，以满足不断增长的粮食需求并创造农村就业机会。
