Standen B T, Rodiles A, Peggs D L, Davies S J, Santos G A, Merrifield D L
Aquaculture and Fish Nutrition Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK.
Biomin Holding GmbH, Industriestrasse 21, 3130, Herzogenburg, Austria.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015 Oct;99(20):8403-17. doi: 10.1007/s00253-015-6702-2. Epub 2015 Jun 27.
The intestinal microbiota and morphology of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated after the application of a multi-species probiotic containing Lactobacillus reuteri, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus acidilactici (AquaStar(®) Growout). Tilapia (55.03 ± 0.44 g) were fed either a control diet or a probiotic diet (control diet supplemented with AquaStar(®) Growout at 5 g kg(-1)). After four and eight weeks, culture-dependent analysis showed higher levels of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), enterococci and Bacillus spp. in the mucosa and digesta of fish fed AquaStar(®) Growout. At week four, polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) revealed a higher similarity within the probiotic fed replicates than replicates of the control group; after eight weeks, the compositional dissimilarity of the microbiome profiles between the groups was greater than the dissimilarities within each group (P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing revealed that the probiotic treatment significantly reduced the number of operational taxonomic units and species richness in the digesta. Significantly higher proportions of reads belonging to Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria were detected in the control group whereas the probiotic-fed fish displayed a significantly higher abundance of reads assigned to the Firmicutes (which accounted for >99 % of reads). Bacillus, Cetobacterium and Mycobacterium were the dominant genera in the digesta of control fish whereas Bacillus, Enterococcus and Pediococcus were the largest constituents in probiotic-fed fish. The addition of AquaStar(®) Growout to tilapia diets led to increased populations of intraepithelial leucocytes, a higher absorptive surface area index and higher microvilli density in the intestine. These data suggest that AquaStar(®) Growout can modulate both the intestinal microbiota and morphology of tilapia.
在应用含有罗伊氏乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、粪肠球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的多物种益生菌（AquaStar® Growout）后，对罗非鱼（尼罗罗非鱼）的肠道微生物群和形态进行了研究。将罗非鱼（55.03±0.44克）喂食对照饲料或益生菌饲料（对照饲料添加5克/千克的AquaStar® Growout）。四周和八周后，基于培养的分析表明，喂食AquaStar® Growout的鱼的粘膜和消化物中乳酸菌（LAB）、肠球菌和芽孢杆菌属的水平较高。在第四周，聚合酶链反应变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）显示，喂食益生菌的重复样本之间的相似性高于对照组的重复样本；八周后，两组之间微生物群落谱的组成差异大于每组内的差异（P<0.05）。高通量测序表明，益生菌处理显著减少了消化物中的可操作分类单元数量和物种丰富度。在对照组中检测到属于变形菌门和蓝细菌的reads比例显著更高，而喂食益生菌的鱼显示出属于厚壁菌门的reads丰度显著更高（占reads的>99%）。芽孢杆菌属、鲸杆菌属和分枝杆菌属是对照鱼消化物中的优势属，而芽孢杆菌属、肠球菌属和乳杆菌属是喂食益生菌的鱼中的最大组成部分。在罗非鱼饲料中添加AquaStar® Growout导致肠上皮内白细胞数量增加、吸收表面积指数更高以及肠道微绒毛密度更高。这些数据表明，AquaStar® Growout可以调节罗非鱼的肠道微生物群和形态。
