Dinachandra Singh Konsam, Alagarajan Manoj, Ladusingh Laishram
Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
Department of Mathematical Demography and Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
PLoS One. 2015 Jun 29;10(6):e0130567. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130567. eCollection 2015.
Household risk factors affecting child health, particularly malnutrition, are mainly basic amenities like drinking water, toilet facility, housing and fuel used for cooking. This paper considered the collective impact of basic amenities measured by an index specially constructed as the contextual factor of child malnutrition. The contextual factor operates at both the macro and micro levels namely the state level and the household level. The importance of local contextual factors is especially important when studying the nutritional status of children of indigenous people living in remote and inaccessible regions. This study has shown the contextual factors as potential factors of malnutrition among children in northeast India, which is home to the largest number of tribes in the country. In terms of macro level contextual factor it has been found that 8.9 per cent, 3.7 per cent and 3.6 per cent of children in high, medium and low risk households respectively, are severely wasted. Lower micro level household health risks, literate household heads, and scheduled tribe households have a negating effect on child malnutrition. Children who received colostrum feeding at the time of birth and those who were vaccinated against measles are also less subject to wasting compared to other children, and these differences are statistically significant.
影响儿童健康,尤其是营养不良的家庭风险因素主要是基本生活设施,如饮用水、卫生设施、住房和烹饪所用燃料。本文考量了基本生活设施的综合影响,该影响通过专门构建的一个指数来衡量,此指数作为儿童营养不良的背景因素。背景因素在宏观和微观层面均起作用,即州层面和家庭层面。在研究生活在偏远且交通不便地区的原住民儿童的营养状况时,当地背景因素的重要性尤为突出。本研究表明,背景因素是印度东北部儿童营养不良的潜在因素,印度东北部是该国部落数量最多的地区。在宏观层面的背景因素方面,研究发现,高风险、中等风险和低风险家庭中分别有8.9%、3.7%和3.6%的儿童严重消瘦。较低的微观层面家庭健康风险、有文化的户主以及在册部落家庭对儿童营养不良有抵消作用。与其他儿童相比,出生时接受初乳喂养以及接种过麻疹疫苗的儿童消瘦情况也较少,且这些差异具有统计学意义。