通过反转录转座子间扩增多态性（IRAP）分析藏红花及其近缘种的多样性和关系。
Diversity and relationships of Crocus sativus and its relatives analysed by inter-retroelement amplified polymorphism (IRAP).
作者信息
Alsayied Nouf Fakieh, Fernández José Antonio, Schwarzacher Trude, Heslop-Harrison J S
机构信息
Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK and.
Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
出版信息
Ann Bot. 2015 Sep;116(3):359-68. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcv103. Epub 2015 Jul 1.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Saffron (Crocus sativus) is a sterile triploid (2n = 3x = 24) cultivated species, of unknown origin from other diploid and polyploid species in the genus Crocus (Iridaceae). Species in the genus have high morphological diversity, with no clear phylogenetic patterns below the level of section Crocus series Crocus. Using DNA markers, this study aimed to examine the diversity and relationships within and between species of Crocus series Crocus.
METHODS
Eleven inter-retroelement amplified polymorphism (IRAP) primers were used in 63 different combinations with 35 single-plant accessions of C. sativus and related Crocus species in order to determine genetic variability and to conduct phylogenetic analysis.
KEY RESULTS
A total of 4521 distinct polymorphic bands from 100 bp to approx. 4 kb were amplified; no fragment specific to all accessions of a single species was amplified. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values varied from approx. 0·37 to approx. 0·05 (mean 0·17 ± 0·1) and the major allele frequency had a mean of 0·87. High levels of polymorphism were identified between accessions of the six species of Crocus series Crocus related to C. sativus, with further variation between the species. In contrast, no polymorphisms were seen among 17 C. sativus accessions obtained in the region from Kashmir through Iran to Spain.
CONCLUSIONS
In contrast to the intraspecific variability seen in other Crocus species, C. sativus has minimal genetic variation, and it is concluded that the triploid hybrid species has most probably arisen only once. The data show that saffron is an allotriploid species, with the IRAP analysis indicating that the most likely ancestors are C. cartwrightianus and C. pallasii subsp. pallasii (or close relatives). The results may facilitate resynthesizing saffron with improved characteristics, and show the need for conservation and collection of wild Crocus.
背景与目的
藏红花（番红花）是一种不育的三倍体（2n = 3x = 24）栽培物种，其起源不明，与番红花属（鸢尾科）中的其他二倍体和多倍体物种不同。该属物种具有高度的形态多样性，在番红花组番红花系以下没有明确的系统发育模式。本研究利用DNA标记，旨在研究番红花系番红花物种内和物种间的多样性及亲缘关系。
方法
11对反转录转座子间扩增多态性（IRAP）引物以63种不同组合用于35份藏红花单株材料及相关番红花物种，以确定遗传变异性并进行系统发育分析。
主要结果
共扩增出4521条不同的多态性条带，大小从100 bp到约4 kb；没有扩增出单个物种所有材料特有的片段。多态信息含量（PIC）值约为0.37至约0.05（平均0.17±0.1），主要等位基因频率平均为0.87。与藏红花相关的番红花系6个物种的材料间存在高水平的多态性，物种间进一步存在变异。相比之下，从克什米尔经伊朗到西班牙地区获得的17份藏红花材料间未观察到多态性。
结论
与其他番红花物种的种内变异性不同，藏红花的遗传变异极小，得出结论该三倍体杂交物种很可能仅起源一次。数据表明藏红花是一个异源三倍体物种，IRAP分析表明最可能的祖先为卡特赖特番红花和帕拉斯番红花亚种帕拉斯番红花（或其近缘种）。这些结果可能有助于重新合成具有改良特性的藏红花，并表明需要对野生番红花进行保护和收集。
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