Ridley-Siegert Thomas L, Crombag Hans S, Yeomans Martin R
School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK.
School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK; Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK.
Physiol Behav. 2015 Dec 1;152(Pt B):347-53. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.06.039. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
There is a wealth of data showing a large impact of food cues on human ingestion, yet most studies use pictures of food where the precise nature of the associations between the cue and food is unclear. To test whether novel cues which were associated with the opportunity of winning access to food images could also impact ingestion, 63 participants participated in a game in which novel visual cues signalled whether responding on a keyboard would win (a picture of) chocolate, crisps, or nothing. Thirty minutes later, participants were given an ad libitum snack-intake test during which the chocolate-paired cue, the crisp-paired cue, the non-winning cue and no cue were presented as labels on the food containers. The presence of these cues significantly altered overall intake of the snack foods; participants presented with food labelled with the cue that had been associated with winning chocolate ate significantly more than participants who had been given the same products labelled with the cue associated with winning nothing, and in the presence of the cue signalling the absence of food reward participants tended to eat less than all other conditions. Surprisingly, cue-dependent changes in food consumption were unaffected by participants' level of contingency awareness. These results suggest that visual cues that have been pre-associated with winning, but not consuming, a liked food reward modify food intake consistent with current ideas that the abundance of food associated cues may be one factor underlying the 'obesogenic environment'.
有大量数据表明食物线索对人类进食有很大影响，但大多数研究使用的食物图片中，线索与食物之间关联的具体性质并不明确。为了测试与有机会获取食物图片相关的新线索是否也会影响进食，63名参与者参与了一场游戏，在游戏中，新的视觉线索会提示在键盘上做出反应是否能赢得巧克力、薯片的（图片），或者一无所获。30分钟后，参与者接受了一次随意零食摄入测试，在此期间，与巧克力配对的线索、与薯片配对的线索、未获胜线索和无线索作为食物容器上的标签呈现。这些线索的存在显著改变了零食的总体摄入量；看到标有与赢得巧克力相关线索的食物的参与者，比看到标有与一无所获相关线索的相同产品的参与者吃得明显更多，而且在提示没有食物奖励的线索出现时，参与者往往比在所有其他条件下吃得更少。令人惊讶的是，食物消费中线索依赖的变化不受参与者意外性意识水平的影响。这些结果表明，预先与赢得但不食用喜欢的食物奖励相关联的视觉线索会改变食物摄入量，这与当前的观点一致，即大量与食物相关的线索可能是“致肥胖环境”的一个潜在因素。
