Pöntinen P J
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1978;22(2):130-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1978.tb01290.x.
Adrenergic beta-receptor blocking agents, alprenolol, propranolol and practolol were given as a prophylactic measure to patients undergoing middle-ear microsurgery where adrenaline was deliberately infiltrated during halothane-N2O/O2 anaesthesia. These three beta blockers did not differ in their action on heart rate, arterial blood pressure, right ventricular pressure, CVP or peripheral pulse wave in equipotent doses, which were 0.04 mg/kg for alprenolol and propranolol and 0.4 mg/kg for practolol in this study. Atropine caused a highly significant increase in heart rate in the spontaneously ventilating group and maintained blood pressure at higher levels, although the latter difference was not significant. Alprenolol and propranolol offered partial protection for over 40 min against adrenaline-induced arrhythmias. Occasionally occuring tachyarrhythmias were easily terminated with a further dose of a beta blocker. The effective half-life of practolol was less than 15 min and doses up to 0.4 mg/kg were unable to prevent arrhythmias during adrenaline challenge.
在氟烷 - N₂O/O₂麻醉期间，当特意将肾上腺素浸润到中耳显微手术患者体内时，给予肾上腺素能β受体阻滞剂阿普洛尔、普萘洛尔和美托洛尔作为预防措施。在本研究中，这三种β受体阻滞剂在等效剂量下对心率、动脉血压、右心室压力、中心静脉压或外周脉搏波的作用没有差异，阿普洛尔和普萘洛尔的等效剂量为0.04mg/kg，美托洛尔为0.4mg/kg。在自主通气组中，阿托品使心率显著增加，并使血压维持在较高水平，尽管后者差异不显著。阿普洛尔和普萘洛尔对肾上腺素诱发的心律失常提供了超过40分钟的部分保护作用。偶尔出现的快速性心律失常通过再给予一剂β受体阻滞剂很容易终止。美托洛尔的有效半衰期小于15分钟，剂量高达0.4mg/kg也无法预防肾上腺素激发试验期间的心律失常。
