对奖励的敏感与青少年食用零食和含糖饮料有关。
Sensitivity to reward is associated with snack and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in adolescents.
作者信息
De Cock Nathalie, Van Lippevelde Wendy, Vervoort Leentje, Vangeel Jolien, Maes Lea, Eggermont Steven, Braet Caroline, Lachat Carl, Huybregts Lieven, Goossens Lien, Beullens Kathleen, Kolsteren Patrick, Van Camp John
机构信息
Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185A, Ghent, Belgium.
出版信息
Eur J Nutr. 2016 Jun;55(4):1623-32. doi: 10.1007/s00394-015-0981-3. Epub 2015 Jul 12.
PURPOSE
High intake of palatable foods, such as energy-dense snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), is common among adolescents. An individual's sensitivity to reward (SR) may influence these intakes. The main objective of this study was to investigate the association between SR and both snack and SSB intake among adolescents.
METHODS
A representative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1104 14- to 16-year-olds (mean age = 14.7 ± 0.8 years; 50.9 % boys; 18.0 % overweight) in Flanders. Daily intakes were measured by a food frequency questionnaire. SR was assessed using the behavioral activation system (BAS) scales. Multilevel regression analyses (two level: adolescent school) were conducted using STATA version 13.
RESULTS
BAS drive was positively associated with daily intakes of SSBs (13.79 %, p < 0.01), unhealthy snacks (5.42 %, p < 0.001), and energy and nutrients derived from SSBs (p < 0.001) and snacks (p < 0.01). BAS reward responsiveness (RR) was only positively associated with intake of unhealthy snacks (3.85 %, p < 0.05), healthy snacks (6.41 %, p < 0.05), and fat (4.05 %, p < 0.01) and Na (3.89 %, p < 0.05) from snacks. Interaction effects of gender and BAS RR (p < 0.05) were found. Significant positive associations between BAS RR and daily intakes of energy from snacks (6.48 %, p < 0.01) and fat from snacks (7.22 %, p < 0.001) were found only for girls.
CONCLUSION
SR was associated with snack and SSB consumption in adolescents, especially in girls. These findings suggest that SR should be taken into account when designing interventions to improve the snack and SSB intake of adolescents.
目的
青少年中高摄入美味食物，如能量密集型零食和含糖饮料（SSB）的情况很常见。个体的奖励敏感性（SR）可能会影响这些摄入量。本研究的主要目的是调查青少年中SR与零食和SSB摄入量之间的关联。
方法
在佛兰德对1104名14至16岁青少年（平均年龄 = 14.7 ± 0.8岁；50.9%为男孩；18.0%超重）进行了一项代表性横断面调查。通过食物频率问卷测量每日摄入量。使用行为激活系统（BAS）量表评估SR。使用STATA 13版本进行多层次回归分析（两个层次：青少年-学校）。
结果
BAS驱力与SSB的每日摄入量（13.79%，p < 0.01）、不健康零食（5.42%，p < 0.001）以及来自SSB（p < 0.001）和零食（p < 0.01）的能量和营养素呈正相关。BAS奖励反应性（RR）仅与不健康零食的摄入量（3.85%，p < 0.05）、健康零食的摄入量（6.41%，p < 0.05）以及来自零食的脂肪（4.05%，p < 0.01）和钠（3.89%，p < 0.05）呈正相关。发现了性别与BAS RR之间的交互作用（p < 0.05）。仅在女孩中发现BAS RR与来自零食的每日能量摄入量（6.48%，p < 0.01）和来自零食的脂肪摄入量（7.22%，p < 0.001）之间存在显著正相关。
结论
SR与青少年的零食和SSB消费有关，尤其是在女孩中。这些发现表明，在设计改善青少年零食和SSB摄入量的干预措施时应考虑SR。
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