Rasul Golam, Hussain Abid
a Senior Economist and Them Leader, Livelihoods , International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development , Kathmandu , Nepal.
b Food Security Economist , International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development , Kathmandu , Nepal.
Ecol Food Nutr. 2015;54(6):625-43. doi: 10.1080/03670244.2015.1052426. Epub 2015 Jul 15.
The nature and causes of food and livelihood security in mountain areas are quite different to those in the plains. Rapid socioeconomic and environmental changes added to the topographical constraints have exacerbated the problem of food insecurity in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region. In Pakistan, food insecurity is significantly higher in the mountain areas than in the plains as a result of a range of biophysical and socioeconomic factors. The potential of mountain niche products such as fruit, nuts, and livestock has remained underutilized. Moreover, the opportunities offered by globalization, market integration, remittances, and non-farm income have not been fully tapped. This paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges of food security in Pakistan's mountain areas, and outlines a framework for addressing the specific issues in terms of four different types of area differentiated by agro-ecological potential and access to markets, information, and institutional services.
山区粮食和生计安全的性质及成因与平原地区截然不同。快速的社会经济和环境变化，再加上地形限制，加剧了兴都库什 - 喜马拉雅（HKH）地区的粮食不安全问题。在巴基斯坦，由于一系列生物物理和社会经济因素，山区的粮食不安全状况明显高于平原地区。水果、坚果和牲畜等山区特色产品的潜力尚未得到充分利用。此外，全球化、市场整合、汇款和非农业收入带来的机遇也未得到充分挖掘。本文分析了巴基斯坦山区粮食安全面临的机遇与挑战，并勾勒出一个框架，以应对根据农业生态潜力以及市场、信息和机构服务获取情况划分的四种不同类型地区的具体问题。
