Raj Rakesh, Mongia Pooja, Kumar Sahu Suresh, Ram Alpana
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishvavidyalaya, Bilaspur, C.G. 495009, India.
Curr Drug Targets. 2016;17(2):206-28. doi: 10.2174/1389450116666150722141607.
Anticancer therapies mostly depend on the ability of the bioactives to reach their designated cellular and subcellular target sites, while minimizing accumulation and side effects at non specific sites. The development of nanotechnology based drug delivery systems that are able to modify the biodistribution, tissue uptake and pharmacokinetics of therapeutic agents is considered of great importance in biomedical research and treatment therapy. Controlled releases from nanocarriers can significantly enhance the therapeutic effect of a drug. Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Targeted nano medicines either marketed or under development, are designed for the treatment of various types of cancer. Nanocarriers are able to reduce cytotoxic effect of the active anticancer drugs by increasing cancer cell targeting in comparison to conventional formulations. The newly developed nano devices such as quantum dots, liposomes, nanotubes, nanoparticles, micelles, gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes and solid lipid nanoparticles are the most promising applications for various cancer treatments. This review is focused on currently available information regarding pharmaceutical nanocarriers for cancer therapy and imaging.
抗癌疗法主要依赖于生物活性物质到达其指定的细胞和亚细胞靶点的能力，同时尽量减少在非特异性位点的积累和副作用。能够改变治疗剂的生物分布、组织摄取和药代动力学的基于纳米技术的药物递送系统的开发，在生物医学研究和治疗中被认为非常重要。纳米载体的控释可以显著增强药物的治疗效果。纳米技术有潜力彻底改变癌症的诊断和治疗。已上市或正在研发的靶向纳米药物，旨在治疗各种类型的癌症。与传统制剂相比，纳米载体能够通过增加癌细胞靶向性来降低活性抗癌药物的细胞毒性作用。新开发的纳米装置，如量子点、脂质体、纳米管、纳米颗粒、胶束、金纳米颗粒、碳纳米管和固体脂质纳米颗粒，是各种癌症治疗中最有前景的应用。这篇综述聚焦于目前有关用于癌症治疗和成像的药物纳米载体的可用信息。
