Zuffianò L E, Basso A, Casarano D, Dragone V, Limoni P P, Romanazzi A, Santaloia F, Polemio M
Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica - CNR, Bari, Italy.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Jul;23(13):12502-14. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4932-6. Epub 2015 Jul 24.
The Mar Piccolo basin is an internal sea basin located along the Ionian coast (Southern Italy), and it is surrounded primarily by fractured carbonate karstic environment. Because of the karstic features, the main continental water inflow is from groundwater discharge. The Mar Piccolo basin represents a peculiar and sensitive environment and a social emergency because of sea water and sediment pollution. This pollution appears to be caused by the overlapping effects of dangerous anthropogenic activities, including heavy industries and commercial and navy dockyards. The paper aims to define the contribution of subaerial and submarine coastal springs to the hydrological dynamic equilibrium of this internal sea basin. A general approach was defined, including a hydrogeological basin border assessment to detect inflowing springs, detailed geological and hydrogeological conceptualisation, in situ submarine and subaerial spring measurements, and flow numerical modelling. Multiple sources of data were obtained to define a relevant geodatabase, and it contained information on approximately 2000 wells, located in the study area (1600 km(2)). The conceptualisation of the hydrogeological basin, which is 978 km(2) wide, was supported by a 3D geological model that interpolated 716 stratigraphic logs. The variability in hydraulic conductivity was determined using hundreds of pumping tests. Five surveys were performed to acquire hydro-geochemical data and spring flow-yield measurements; the isotope groundwater age was assessed and used for model validation. The mean annual volume exchanged by the hydrogeological basin was assessed equal to 106.93 10(6) m(3). The numerical modelling permitted an assessment of the mean monthly yield of each spring outflow (surveyed or not), travel time, and main path flow.
马尔皮科洛湖盆是位于伊奥尼亚海岸（意大利南部）的一个内海盆地，主要被裂隙碳酸盐岩溶环境所环绕。由于岩溶地貌特征，主要的陆源水流入是通过地下水排放。马尔皮科洛湖盆因其海水和沉积物污染而呈现出独特且敏感的环境以及社会紧急情况。这种污染似乎是由危险的人为活动叠加效应造成的，包括重工业以及商业和海军造船厂。本文旨在确定陆地上和海底的沿海泉水对这个内海盆地水文动态平衡的贡献。定义了一种通用方法，包括进行水文地质盆地边界评估以检测流入的泉水、详细的地质和水文地质概念化、现场海底和陆地泉水测量以及水流数值模拟。获取了多个数据源以定义一个相关的地理数据库，该数据库包含了研究区域（1600平方千米）内约2000口井的信息。一个宽978平方千米的水文地质盆地的概念化是由一个三维地质模型支持的，该模型对716个地层测井进行了插值。通过数百次抽水试验确定了水力传导率的变化情况。进行了五次调查以获取水文地球化学数据和泉水流量测量数据；评估了同位素地下水年龄并将其用于模型验证。水文地质盆地的年平均交换量评估为1.0693×10⁸立方米。数值模拟允许评估每个泉水流出（已测量或未测量）的月平均产量、流动时间和主要水流路径。
