Bharti Dinesh, Shivakumar Sharath Belame, Subbarao Raghavendra Baregundi, Rho Gyu-Jin
OBS/Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2016;11(1):78-93. doi: 10.2174/1574888x10666150723145911.
In the present era of stem cell biology, various animals such as Mouse, Bovine, Rabbit and Porcine have been tested for the efficiency of their mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs before their actual use for stem cell based application in humans. Among them pigs have many similarities to humans in the form of organ size, physiology and their functioning, therefore they have been considered as a valuable model system for in vitro studies and preclinical assessments. Easy assessability, few ethical issues, successful MSC isolation from different origins like bone marrow, skin, umbilical cord blood, Wharton's jelly, endometrium, amniotic fluid and peripheral blood make porcine a good model for stem cell therapy. Porcine derived MSCs (pMSCs have shown greater in vitro differentiation and transdifferention potential towards mesenchymal lineages and specialized lineages such as cardiomyocytes, neurons, hepatocytes and pancreatic beta cells. Immunomodulatory and low immunogenic profiles as shown by autologous and heterologous MSCs proves them safe and appropriate models for xenotransplantation purposes. Furthermore, tissue engineered stem cell constructs can be of immense importance in relation to various osteochondral defects which are difficult to treat otherwise. Using pMSCs successful treatment of various disorders like Parkinson's disease, cardiac ischemia, hepatic failure, has been reported by many studies. Here, in this review we highlight current research findings in the area of porcine mesenchymal stem cells dealing with their isolation methods, differentiation ability, transplantation applications and their therapeutic potential towards various diseases.
在当今干细胞生物学时代，小鼠、牛、兔和猪等多种动物的间充质干细胞（MSCs）在实际用于人类基于干细胞的应用之前，都已进行过效率测试。其中，猪在器官大小、生理机能等方面与人类有许多相似之处，因此被视为体外研究和临床前评估的宝贵模型系统。猪易于评估，伦理问题较少，能成功从骨髓、皮肤、脐带血、华通氏胶、子宫内膜、羊水和外周血等不同来源分离出MSCs，这使得猪成为干细胞治疗的良好模型。猪源MSCs（pMSCs）已显示出对间充质谱系以及心肌细胞、神经元、肝细胞和胰腺β细胞等特化谱系具有更强的体外分化和转分化潜力。自体和异体MSCs所显示的免疫调节和低免疫原性特征证明它们是异种移植的安全且合适的模型。此外，组织工程化干细胞构建体对于各种难以治疗的骨软骨缺损可能极为重要。许多研究报告称，使用pMSCs成功治疗了帕金森病、心脏缺血、肝衰竭等各种疾病。在此综述中，我们重点介绍猪间充质干细胞领域的当前研究成果，内容涉及它们的分离方法、分化能力、移植应用以及对各种疾病的治疗潜力。
