Toni F, Vincenti L, Ricci A, Schukken Y H
Zoetis Animal Health, Rome, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy.
Theriogenology. 2015 Oct 15;84(7):1206-14. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.06.022. Epub 2015 Jul 8.
The objective of this study was to describe the incidence and the impact of postpartum uterine diseases in postpartum cows on future uterine status and reproductive performance in large Italian dairy herds. This study provides an important quantitative estimate of uterine and postpartum diseases incidence that afflict high-producing Italian dairy cows. The total number of cows included in the study was 1498 on three farms; all cows were followed from the dry period until 300 days postpartum. All farms used high-quality data collection systems and standard operating procedures: weekly herd health visits, monthly Dairy Herd Improvement Association visits, and, due to cheese-making milk quality requirements, a supplementary milk sample collected at 7 ± 3 days postpartum evaluated for milk components. Clinical metritis in primiparous cows did not change the time to the first artificial insemination (AI) or days open; conversely, clinical metritis in multiparous cows had impact on the time to first AI (hazard ratio: 0.66, P < 0.01) and resulted in a lower conception rate at first insemination and a increase in days open (odds ratio: 0.64, P < 0.05). Clinical endometritis had a strong deleterious effect on first AI conception rate (odds ratio: 0.34, P < 0.05) and days open across all lactations (hazard ratio: 0.68, P < 0.05). Persistent metritis, defined as the presence of both clinical metritis and clinical endometritis in the same animal in the same lactation, caused low conception rate both in the first-lactation and in older cows and had a strong negative effect on the proportion of pregnant cows at 300 days (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the impact of endometritis on fertility was true across lactation groups. A good management and precocious diagnosis of the pathologies is not resolutive to restore good fertility parameters, and understanding the immune response in first-lactation cows may be of value for developing alternative intervention protocols for older-lactation cows.
本研究的目的是描述产后奶牛子宫疾病的发病率及其对意大利大型奶牛场未来子宫状况和繁殖性能的影响。本研究对困扰高产意大利奶牛的子宫疾病和产后疾病发病率进行了重要的定量评估。该研究涵盖了三个农场的1498头奶牛；所有奶牛从干奶期开始直至产后300天均受到跟踪监测。所有农场都采用了高质量的数据收集系统和标准操作程序：每周进行一次牛群健康检查，每月进行一次奶牛群改良协会检查，并且由于奶酪生产对牛奶质量的要求，在产后7±3天采集一份补充牛奶样本，对其成分进行评估。初产奶牛的临床子宫炎并未改变首次人工授精（AI）的时间或产后空怀天数；相反，经产奶牛的临床子宫炎对首次人工授精时间有影响（风险比：0.66，P<0.01），并导致首次授精时的受孕率降低以及产后空怀天数增加（优势比：0.64，P<0.05）。临床子宫内膜炎对所有泌乳期的首次人工授精受孕率（优势比：0.34，P<0.05）和产后空怀天数有强烈的有害影响（风险比：0.68，P<0.05）。持续性子宫炎定义为同一泌乳期同一头奶牛同时存在临床子宫炎和临床子宫内膜炎，它在头胎奶牛和经产奶牛中均导致受孕率较低，并且对300天时怀孕奶牛的比例有强烈的负面影响（P<0.05）。总之，子宫内膜炎对繁殖力的影响在各泌乳组中均存在。良好的管理和对疾病的早期诊断并不能解决恢复良好繁殖参数的问题，了解头胎奶牛的免疫反应可能对制定经产奶牛的替代干预方案有价值。
