Koepke Adrienne E, Gray Suzanne L, Pepperberg Irene M
Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York.
Department of Psychology, Harvard University.
J Comp Psychol. 2015 Nov;129(4):339-46. doi: 10.1037/a0039553. Epub 2015 Jul 27.
Delay of gratification, the ability to forgo an immediate reward to gain either better quality or quantity, has been used as a metric for temporal discounting, self-control, and the ability to plan for the future in both humans (particularly children) and nonhumans. The task involved can be parsed in several ways, such that the subjects can be required to wait, not only for a better or a larger reward, but also such that the rewards can either be in view or hidden during the delay interval. We have demonstrated that a Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) trained in the use of English speech could respond to the label "wait" for up to 15 min, in a task that has many similarities to those used with young children, to receive a better quality reward, whether or not the better quality reward or the experimenter was in view.
延迟满足，即放弃即时奖励以获得质量或数量更佳奖励的能力，已被用作衡量人类（尤其是儿童）和非人类的时间贴现、自我控制以及未来规划能力的指标。所涉及的任务可以从多种角度进行剖析，例如要求受试者等待，不仅是为了获得更好或更大的奖励，而且在延迟期间奖励既可以是可见的，也可以是隐藏的。我们已经证明，一只经过英语语音使用训练的非洲灰鹦鹉（Psittacus erithacus），在一项与用于幼儿的任务有许多相似之处的任务中，无论质量更好的奖励或实验者是否可见，都能对“等待”这一指令做出长达15分钟的反应，以获得质量更好的奖励。
