Schuler Eric R, Boals Adriel
Department of Psychology, University of North Texas.
Psychol Trauma. 2016 May;8(3):259-66. doi: 10.1037/tra0000073. Epub 2015 Jul 27.
Shattered Assumptions theory (Janoff-Bulman, 1992) posits that experiencing a traumatic event has the potential to diminish the degree of optimism in the assumptions of the world (assumptive world), which could lead to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Prior research assessed the assumptive world with a measure that was recently reported to have poor psychometric properties (Kaler et al., 2008). The current study had 3 aims: (a) to assess the psychometric properties of a recently developed measure of the assumptive world, (b) to retrospectively examine how prior adverse events affected the optimism of the assumptive world, and (c) to measure the impact of an intervening adverse event. An 8-week prospective design with a college sample (N = 882 at Time 1 and N = 511 at Time 2) was used to assess the study objectives. We split adverse events into those that were objectively or subjectively traumatic in nature. The new measure exhibited adequate psychometric properties. The report of a prior objective or subjective trauma at Time 1 was related to a less optimistic assumptive world. Furthermore, participants who experienced an intervening objectively traumatic event evidenced a decrease in optimistic views of the world compared with those who did not experience an intervening adverse event. We found support for Shattered Assumptions theory retrospectively and prospectively using a reliable measure of the assumptive world. We discuss future assessments of the measure of the assumptive world and clinical implications to help rebuild the assumptive world with current therapies. (PsycINFO Database Record
破碎假设理论（贾诺夫-布尔曼，1992年）认为，经历创伤性事件有可能降低对世界假设（假设世界）的乐观程度，这可能导致创伤后应激障碍的发展。先前的研究使用了一种最近被报道心理测量特性较差的测量方法来评估假设世界（卡勒等人，2008年）。本研究有三个目标：（a）评估最近开发的一种假设世界测量方法的心理测量特性；（b）回顾性研究先前的不良事件如何影响假设世界的乐观程度；（c）测量一个介入性不良事件的影响。采用一个大学样本的8周前瞻性设计（时间1时N = 882，时间2时N = 511）来评估研究目标。我们将不良事件分为客观上或主观上具有创伤性的事件。新的测量方法表现出足够的心理测量特性。在时间1时报告的先前客观或主观创伤与不那么乐观的假设世界有关。此外，与未经历介入性不良事件的参与者相比，经历了介入性客观创伤事件的参与者对世界的乐观看法有所下降。我们通过使用一种可靠的假设世界测量方法，回顾性和前瞻性地为破碎假设理论找到了支持。我们讨论了未来对假设世界测量方法的评估以及临床意义，以帮助用当前疗法重建假设世界。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》
