Allmann Anna E S, Kopala-Sibley Daniel C, Klein Daniel N
Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2500, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2016 Apr;44(3):421-32. doi: 10.1007/s10802-015-0058-z.
Considerable research exists documenting the relationship between maternal mood disorders, primarily major depressive disorder (MDD), and a variety of negative child outcomes. By contrast, research exploring the reverse pathway whereby child traits are associated with later maternal mood disorders is much more limited. We examined whether young children's temperament and psychopathology predicted maternal mood disorders approximately 6 years later. Child temperament and symptoms were assessed at age three using semi-structured diagnostic interviews and parent-report inventories. Maternal psychopathology was assessed with semi-structured interviews when children were 3 and 9 years old. Mothers also reported on their marital satisfaction when children were 3 and 6 years old. Child temperamental negative affectivity (NA), depressive symptoms, and externalizing behavior problems significantly predicted maternal mood disorders over and above prior maternal mood, anxiety, and substance disorders. The link between children's early externalizing symptoms and maternal mood disorders 6 years later was mediated by maternal marital satisfaction 3 years after the initial assessment. These findings suggest that early child temperament and psychopathology contribute to risk for later maternal mood disorders both directly and through their impact on the marital system. Research indicates that effective treatment of maternal depression is associated with positive outcomes for children; however, this study suggests that treating early child problems may mitigate the risk of later maternal psychopathology.
已有大量研究记录了母亲情绪障碍（主要是重度抑郁症，即MDD）与各种儿童负面结局之间的关系。相比之下，探索儿童特质与后期母亲情绪障碍相关的反向路径的研究则更为有限。我们研究了幼儿的气质和精神病理学是否能预测大约6年后母亲的情绪障碍。在儿童3岁时，通过半结构化诊断访谈和家长报告清单对儿童气质和症状进行评估。当儿童3岁和9岁时，通过半结构化访谈对母亲的精神病理学进行评估。母亲们还报告了她们在孩子3岁和6岁时的婚姻满意度。儿童气质性消极情绪（NA）、抑郁症状和外化行为问题显著预测了母亲的情绪障碍，且超出了母亲先前的情绪、焦虑和物质使用障碍。儿童早期外化症状与6年后母亲情绪障碍之间的联系在初次评估3年后由母亲的婚姻满意度介导。这些发现表明，儿童早期的气质和精神病理学直接并通过其对婚姻系统的影响，导致后期母亲情绪障碍的风险增加。研究表明，有效治疗母亲抑郁症与儿童的积极结局相关；然而，本研究表明，治疗儿童早期问题可能会降低后期母亲精神病理学的风险。
