Stępień Małgorzata
Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw.
Przegl Epidemiol. 2015;69(2):273-5, 385-7.
Evaluation of the epidemiological situation of imported malaria in Poland in 2013 compared to the data from previous years.
The assessment was performed based on the results of the analysis of individual reports sent to the NIPH-NIH by sanitary-epidemiological stations and aggregated data published in the annual bulletins "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland". Cases were registered according to the case definition criteria applicable in the EU countries.
In 2013, a total of 36 imported malaria cases were registered in Poland, 15 more than in 2012. No deaths were recorded. As much as 80% of all cases were imported from African countries, of whom the majority came from Nigeria, 14% from Asia and 6% from South America. Concurrent infection with dengue virus was confirmed in one person coming back from Philippines. Plasmodium species was determined in 35 of 36 cases by blood film or PCR test. Invasion with P. falciparum and P. vivax was found in 23 (66%) and 9 (26%) cases, respectively. There was also one case of each of the following: P. ovale, P. malariae and mixed invasion. As in previous years, in most cases, the invasion was associated with tourist trips (47%) or work-related travels (36%). Immigrants or students visiting the country of origin accounted for 11% of patients, in two cases (6%) purpose of the journey was not determined. As many as 7 patients used chemoprophylaxis, including two persons who took drugs in compliance with the recommendations.
Despite a significant increase in the number of cases compared to previous years, the total number of imported malaria remains low. Persistent large number of delays in the diagnosis and a high percentage of severe malaria cases indicate the need to raise doctors awareness of the possibility of malaria incidence. Travelers should be also constantly reminded of the need to inform their GPs about the stay in the malaria endemic areas in the event of fever after returning.
将2013年波兰输入性疟疾的流行病学情况与前几年的数据进行对比评估。
评估基于卫生流行病学站发送至国家公共卫生研究所 - 国家卫生研究院的个体报告分析结果以及年度公报《波兰的传染病和中毒事件》中公布的汇总数据。病例依据欧盟国家适用的病例定义标准进行登记。
2013年，波兰共登记36例输入性疟疾病例，比2012年多15例。无死亡病例记录。所有病例中高达80% 是从非洲国家输入的，其中大多数来自尼日利亚，14% 来自亚洲，6% 来自南美洲。一名从菲律宾回国的人员被确诊同时感染登革病毒。36例病例中的35例通过血涂片或聚合酶链反应检测确定了疟原虫种类。分别在23例（66%）和9例（26%）病例中发现恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫感染。此外，卵形疟原虫、三日疟原虫感染及混合感染各有1例。与往年一样，在大多数情况下（47%），感染与旅游出行有关，36% 与工作出行有关。移民或回国探亲的学生占患者的11%，2例（6%）出行目的未明确。多达7名患者使用了化学预防措施，其中2人按建议服药。
尽管与前几年相比病例数量显著增加，但输入性疟疾的总数仍然较低。诊断持续存在大量延误以及重症疟疾病例比例较高，表明有必要提高医生对疟疾发病可能性的认识。还应不断提醒旅行者，回国后发烧时需告知其全科医生曾前往疟疾流行地区。
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