Hasselhorn M, Hager W, Cienciala D
Institut für Psychologie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen.
Z Gerontol. 1989 Nov-Dec;22(6):298-307.
Older people tend to have more problems with the retrieval of episodic memory contents than younger people. One hypothesis to explain this phenomenon refers to age deficits in activating specific pieces of contextual information concerning the learning episode. This hypothesis was submitted to an experimental test for 60 old (about 70 years) and 60 young (about 25 years) adults using the recognition failure paradigm. In this paradigm memory performance is assessed by a cued recall test as well as by an unexpected recognition test. The amount of recognition failure served as the central dependent variable; the length of the retention interval and a strategy instruction (given vs not given) were manipulated as independent variables. Various predictions were derived from the central hypothesis and from typical findings in the literature. They are tested by means of statistical hypotheses on planned a priori contrasts. On the whole, the results confirm the hypothesis concerning age deficits in activating context information during retrieval. Implications for models of gerontological changes in episodic memory are discussed within the framework of Tulving's Synergistic Ecphory model.
与年轻人相比，老年人在情景记忆内容的提取方面往往存在更多问题。一种解释这一现象的假设认为，老年人在激活与学习情景相关的特定情境信息方面存在缺陷。该假设通过识别失败范式，对60名老年人（约70岁）和60名年轻人（约25岁）进行了实验测试。在该范式中，记忆表现通过线索回忆测试和意外识别测试来评估。识别失败的数量作为核心因变量；保持间隔的长度和策略指导（给予或不给予）作为自变量进行操纵。从核心假设和文献中的典型发现得出了各种预测。通过对计划的先验对比进行统计假设来检验这些预测。总体而言，结果证实了关于老年人在检索过程中激活情境信息存在缺陷的假设。在图尔文的协同提取模型框架内，讨论了这些结果对情景记忆老年学变化模型的影响。
