Java R I, Gardiner J M
City University, London, England.
Am J Psychol. 1991 Spring;104(1):89-100.
Priming effects in word-stem completion were compared with cued recall in young and older adults. Cued recall showed large effects of age and also of levels of processing, but these variables had little influence on priming in word-stem completion. Free recall showed large effects of age as well as superior recall for words that had been generated rather than read at study, but priming in word-stem completion was little influenced by age, and it was greater for words that had been read at study rather than generated. These findings were interpreted as providing further evidence that age-related impairments in memory performance are greatly reduced in implicit compared with explicit tests. They also provide convergent evidence for classifying word-stem completion as a data-driven rather than conceptually driven task.
对年轻人和老年人在词干补全任务中的启动效应与线索回忆进行了比较。线索回忆显示出年龄以及加工水平的显著效应，但这些变量对词干补全任务中的启动效应影响甚微。自由回忆显示出年龄的显著效应，并且对在学习时生成而非阅读的单词有更好的回忆效果，但词干补全任务中的启动效应受年龄影响较小，且对在学习时阅读而非生成的单词启动效应更大。这些发现被解释为进一步证明，与年龄相关的记忆表现损伤在隐性测试中比在显性测试中大大减少。它们还为将词干补全任务归类为数据驱动而非概念驱动的任务提供了趋同证据。
