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解析灵长类动物第三层视觉皮层的组织结构:一种基于假设的方法。

Resolving the organization of the third tier visual cortex in primates: a hypothesis-based approach.

作者信息

Angelucci Alessandra, Rosa Marcello G P

机构信息

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science,Moran Eye Institute,University of Utah,Salt Lake City, Utah 84132.

Department of Physiology,Monash University,Clayton,VIC3800,Australia.

出版信息

Vis Neurosci. 2015 Jan;32:E010. doi: 10.1017/S0952523815000073.

Abstract

As highlighted by several contributions to this special issue, there is still ongoing debate about the number, exact location, and boundaries of the visual areas located in cortex immediately rostral to the second visual area (V2), i.e., the "third tier" visual cortex, in primates. In this review, we provide a historical overview of the main ideas that have led to four models of third tier cortex organization, which are at the center of today's debate. We formulate specific predictions of these models, and compare these predictions with experimental evidence obtained primarily in New World primates. From this analysis, we conclude that only one of these models (the "multiple-areas" model) can accommodate the breadth of available experimental evidence. According to this model, most of the third tier cortex in New World primates is occupied by two distinct areas, both representing the full contralateral visual quadrant: the dorsomedial area (DM), restricted to the dorsal half of the third visual complex, and the ventrolateral posterior area (VLP), occupying its ventral half and a substantial fraction of its dorsal half. DM belongs to the dorsal stream of visual processing, and overlaps with macaque parietooccipital (PO) area (or V6), whereas VLP belongs to the ventral stream and overlaps considerably with area V3 proposed by others. In contrast, there is substantial evidence that is inconsistent with the concept of a single elongated area V3 lining much of V2. We also review the experimental evidence from macaque monkey and humans, and propose that, once the data are interpreted within an evolutionary-developmental context, these species share a homologous (but not necessarily identical) organization of the third tier cortex as that observed in New World monkeys. Finally, we identify outstanding issues, and propose experiments to resolve them, highlighting in particular the need for more extensive, hypothesis-driven investigations in macaque and humans.

摘要

正如本期特刊的几篇文章所强调的,关于灵长类动物中紧挨着第二视区(V2)前方皮质中视觉区域的数量、确切位置和边界,即“第三层”视觉皮质,仍存在持续的争论。在这篇综述中,我们对导致第三层皮质组织四种模型的主要观点进行了历史概述,这些模型是当今争论的核心。我们阐述了这些模型的具体预测,并将这些预测与主要在新大陆灵长类动物中获得的实验证据进行比较。通过这一分析,我们得出结论,这些模型中只有一个(“多区域”模型)能够容纳现有实验证据的广度。根据该模型,新大陆灵长类动物的大部分第三层皮质被两个不同的区域占据,这两个区域都代表对侧完整的视觉象限:背内侧区(DM),局限于第三视觉复合体的背侧半部分,以及腹外侧后区(VLP),占据其腹侧半部分及其背侧半部分的相当一部分。DM属于视觉处理的背侧流,与猕猴顶枕(PO)区(或V6)重叠,而VLP属于腹侧流,与其他人提出的V3区有相当大的重叠。相比之下,有大量证据与沿着V2大部分区域排列的单一细长V3区概念不一致。我们还回顾了来自猕猴和人类的实验证据,并提出,一旦在进化发育背景下解释这些数据,这些物种的第三层皮质组织与在新大陆猴子中观察到的具有同源性(但不一定相同)。最后,我们确定了悬而未决的问题,并提出了解决这些问题的实验,特别强调了在猕猴和人类中进行更广泛的、由假设驱动的研究的必要性。

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