MacDonald Brett, Barry Robert J, Bonfield Rebecca C
Centre for Psychophysics, Psychophysiology, and Psychopharmacology, Brain & Behaviour Research Institute, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
Centre for Psychophysics, Psychophysiology, and Psychopharmacology, Brain & Behaviour Research Institute, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2015 Dec;98(3 Pt 1):394-412. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.08.002. Epub 2015 Aug 5.
The phasic orienting reflex (OR) was investigated using single-trial data collected concurrently from 4 autonomic measures and event-related potentials (ERPs). In an auditory dishabituation paradigm, twelve indifferent tones of two intensities (60 or 80 dB, intensity change on trial 11, counterbalanced between subjects) were presented at very long interstimulus intervals (ISIs). Novelty and intensity based stimulus-response patterns were examined seeking ERP analogues of autonomic measures representing pre-OR and OR processing. Skin conductance response (SCR) represented the phasic OR index. EOG-corrected ERP data for 16 subjects were decomposed by a temporal Principal Components Analysis (PCA). SCR diminished over 10 standard trials, recovered on change trial 11, dishabituated to the re-presentation of the standard tone on trial 12, and showed intensity effects at the change - formal requirements for an OR index. The evoked cardiac response (HR) showed no trial or intensity effects. Respiratory pause (RP) decreased linearly over trials and showed recovery but no dishabituation or intensity effect. Peripheral vasoconstriction (PVC) failed to decrement but exhibited an intensity effect. Ten identifiable ERP components were extracted: Na, P1, N1-1, PN, P2, P3a, P3b, a novelty-sensitive HabP3, an intensity-sensitive IntP3, and the Slow Wave (SW). Pattern 1 showed no trial or intensity effects (HR, P1, PN, P2); Pattern 2 showed no trial effect but an intensity effect (PVC, Na, N1-1, P3a); and Pattern 3 demonstrated habituation and an intensity effect (SCR, RP, P3b, HabP3, IntP3, SW). The observed fractionation of autonomic and central measures is consistent with Preliminary Process Theory (PPT) rather than the notion of a unitary OR.
利用从4种自主神经测量和事件相关电位（ERP）同时收集的单试次数据，对相位性定向反射（OR）进行了研究。在听觉去习惯化范式中，以非常长的刺激间隔（ISI）呈现两种强度（60或80分贝，在第11次试次强度改变，在受试者间平衡）的12个无关音调。研究了基于新颖性和强度的刺激-反应模式，寻找代表OR前处理和OR处理的自主神经测量的ERP类似物。皮肤电导反应（SCR）代表相位性OR指标。对16名受试者经眼电（EOG）校正的ERP数据进行了时间主成分分析（PCA）分解。SCR在10次标准试次中减弱，在第11次变化试次中恢复，在第12次标准音调重新呈现时去习惯化，并在变化时显示出强度效应——这是OR指标的形式要求。诱发的心脏反应（HR）未显示试次或强度效应。呼吸暂停（RP）在试次中呈线性下降，并显示出恢复，但没有去习惯化或强度效应。外周血管收缩（PVC）没有下降，但表现出强度效应。提取了10个可识别的ERP成分：Na、P1、N1-1、PN、P2、P3a、P3b、一个对新颖性敏感的HabP3、一个对强度敏感的IntP3和慢波（SW）。模式1未显示试次或强度效应（HR、P1、PN、P2）；模式2未显示试次效应但有强度效应（PVC、Na、N1-1、P3a）；模式3表现出习惯化和强度效应（SCR、RP、P3b、HabP3、IntP3、SW）。观察到的自主神经和中枢测量的分离与初步过程理论（PPT）一致，而不是单一OR的概念。
