Centre for Psychophysics, Psychophysiology, and Psychopharmacology, Brain & Behaviour Research Institute, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
Centre for Psychophysics, Psychophysiology, and Psychopharmacology, Brain & Behaviour Research Institute, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2017 Jul;117:48-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.03.007. Epub 2017 Apr 4.
The phasic orienting reflex (OR) was investigated in two counterbalanced blocks of an auditory dishabituation paradigm differing in stimulus Significance (operationalised as tone counting). Twelve tones were presented at very long, randomly-varying interstimulus intervals (ISIs). Novelty and Significance were varied within subjects. Stimulus-response patterns were assessed to find ERP matches for autonomic measures. The phasic OR index was represented by the skin conductance response (SCR). SCR decremented over 10 standard trials, showed recovery on trial 11 (change trial), enhancement to re-presentation of the standard tone (trial 12: dishabituation), and a main effect of Significance over the first 10 trials - demonstrating the formal criteria for an OR index. The evoked cardiac response (HR) subcomponents ECR1 (deceleration) and ECR2 (acceleration) showed no trial effects, but ECR2 showed a Significance effect. Respiratory pause (RP) decreased linearly over trials, and showed recovery, but no dishabituation or Significance effect. Temporal PCA was applied to single-trial EOG-corrected data. Ten ERP components were extracted: P1, N1-3, N1-1, PN, P2, P3a, P3b, HabP3, a Frontal Slow Wave (FSW), and the Classic SW. The dependent measures showed 4 distinct patterns. Pattern 1: No trial or Significance effects (ECR1, P1, N1-3, P3a, FSW); Pattern 2: No trial effect but a Significance effect (ECR2, N1-1, P2); Pattern 3: Trial but not Significance effects (RP, PN, P3b, HabP3); Pattern 4: Both trial and Significance effects (SCR and Classic SW). The evidenced fractionation of autonomic and central measures is compatible with Preliminary Process Theory (PPT), contrary to the notion of a unitary OR.
相位定向反射（OR）在听觉习惯化范式的两个平衡块中进行了研究，这两个块在刺激意义（操作化为音高计数）上有所不同。12 个音调以非常长的、随机变化的刺激间间隔（ISI）呈现。在被试内变化新奇性和意义。评估刺激-反应模式以找到与自主测量匹配的 ERP。相位 OR 指数由皮肤电反应（SCR）表示。SCR 在 10 个标准试验中逐渐减少，在第 11 个试验（变化试验）上恢复，在标准音调的重新呈现上增强（第 12 个试验：习惯化消除），并且在前 10 个试验中有意义的主要影响-展示了 OR 指数的正式标准。诱发的心脏反应（HR）子成分 ECR1（减速）和 ECR2（加速）没有试验效应，但 ECR2 有意义的影响。呼吸暂停（RP）随试验线性减少，并显示恢复，但没有习惯化或意义的影响。时间 PCA 应用于单试验 EOG 校正数据。提取了 10 个 ERP 成分：P1、N1-3、N1-1、PN、P2、P3a、P3b、HabP3、额部慢波（FSW）和经典 SW。因变量显示出 4 种不同的模式。模式 1：无试验或意义效应（ECR1、P1、N1-3、P3a、FSW）；模式 2：无试验效应但有意义效应（ECR2、N1-1、P2）；模式 3：试验但无意义效应（RP、PN、P3b、HabP3）；模式 4：试验和意义效应均有（SCR 和经典 SW）。自主和中枢测量的证据分离与初步过程理论（PPT）兼容，与单一 OR 的概念相反。
