Cox-York Kimberly A, Sheflin Amy M, Foster Michelle T, Gentile Christopher L, Kahl Amber, Koch Lauren G, Britton Steven L, Weir Tiffany L
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Physiol Rep. 2015 Aug;3(8). doi: 10.14814/phy2.12488.
The increased risk for cardiometabolic disease with the onset of menopause is widely studied and likely precipitated by the decline in endogenous estradiol (E2), yet the precise mechanisms are unknown. The gut microbiome is involved in estrogen metabolism and has been linked to metabolic disease, suggesting its potential involvement in the postmenopausal phenotype. Furthermore, menopause-associated risk factors, as well as gut ecology, are altered with exercise. Therefore, we studied microbial changes in an ovariectomized (OVX vs. Sham) rat model of high (HCR) and low (LCR) intrinsic aerobic capacity (n = 8-10/group) in relation to changes in body weight/composition, glucose tolerance, and liver triglycerides (TG). Nine weeks after OVX, HCR rats were moderately protected against regional adipose tissue gain and liver TG accumulation (P < 0.05 for both). Microbial diversity and number of the Bacteroidetes phylum were significantly increased in LCR with OVX, but unchanged in HCR OVX relative to Sham. Plasma short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), produced by bacteria in the gut and recognized as metabolic signaling molecules, were significantly greater in HCR Sham relative to LCR Sham rats (P = 0.05) and were decreased with OVX in both groups. These results suggest that increased aerobic capacity may be protective against menopause-associated cardiometabolic risk and that gut ecology, and production of signaling molecules such as SCFA, may contribute to the mediation.
绝经后发生心脏代谢疾病的风险增加已得到广泛研究，可能是由内源性雌二醇（E2）水平下降所致，但其确切机制尚不清楚。肠道微生物群参与雌激素代谢，并与代谢疾病有关，提示其可能参与绝经后表型的形成。此外，绝经相关风险因素以及肠道生态会因运动而改变。因此，我们研究了在高（HCR）和低（LCR）固有有氧能力的去卵巢（OVX与假手术对照）大鼠模型（每组n = 8 - 10只）中的微生物变化，及其与体重/组成、葡萄糖耐量和肝脏甘油三酯（TG）变化的关系。去卵巢9周后，HCR大鼠在一定程度上可免受局部脂肪组织增加和肝脏TG积累的影响（两者P < 0.05）。与假手术对照相比，LCR去卵巢大鼠的微生物多样性和拟杆菌门数量显著增加，但HCR去卵巢大鼠无变化。肠道细菌产生的并被视为代谢信号分子的血浆短链脂肪酸（SCFA），在HCR假手术对照大鼠中显著高于LCR假手术对照大鼠（P = 0.05），且两组去卵巢后均降低。这些结果表明，增加有氧能力可能对绝经相关的心脏代谢风险具有保护作用，肠道生态以及SCFA等信号分子的产生可能有助于介导这一过程。
