Morsel Anne M, Temmerman Anke, Sabbe Bernard, Hulstijn Wouter, Morrens Manuel
Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Neuropsychobiology. 2015;71(4):234-40. doi: 10.1159/000431153. Epub 2015 Aug 7.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: In addition to affective and cognitive symptomatology, psychomotor deficits are known to be present in bipolar disorder (BD). Psychomotor functioning includes all of the processes necessary for completing a movement, from planning to initiation and execution. While these psychomotor symptoms have been studied extensively in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, only simple measures have been conducted in BD. The present study examines psychomotor functioning in BD.
Twenty-two euthymic BD patients and 21 healthy controls performed three computerized copying tasks varying in cognitive load. Movement times (MT), reflecting fine motor processing, and initiation times (IT), reflecting cognitive processing of visual-spatial information, were separately measured in each group.
The BD patients had longer IT but not MT in the simplest task and the opposite pattern of longer MT but not IT in the complex task. However, when controlling for residual mood symptoms, the MT were no longer significantly slower in the BD group.
The longer MT and IT in BD reflect overall psychomotor slowing. Specifically, the results provide evidence for cognitive slowing in BD. In addition, the longer MT in the complex task reflect a slowed motor component of movement when the cognitive load is high and when depressive symptoms are present. These findings extend the current knowledge of the nature of psychomotor slowing in BD and may have important prognostic implications for patients.
背景/目的：除情感和认知症状外，双相情感障碍（BD）患者还存在精神运动功能缺陷。精神运动功能包括完成一个动作所需的所有过程，从计划到启动和执行。虽然这些精神运动症状在精神分裂症和重度抑郁症中已得到广泛研究，但在双相情感障碍中仅进行了简单的测量。本研究探讨双相情感障碍患者的精神运动功能。
22名病情稳定的双相情感障碍患者和21名健康对照者完成了三项认知负荷不同的计算机化临摹任务。分别测量了反映精细运动加工的运动时间（MT）和反映视觉空间信息认知加工的启动时间（IT）。
在最简单的任务中，双相情感障碍患者的启动时间较长，但运动时间无差异；在复杂任务中则相反，运动时间较长，但启动时间无差异。然而，在控制残留情绪症状后，双相情感障碍组的运动时间不再显著减慢。
双相情感障碍患者较长的运动时间和启动时间反映了整体精神运动迟缓。具体而言，结果为双相情感障碍患者的认知迟缓提供了证据。此外，复杂任务中较长的运动时间反映了认知负荷高且存在抑郁症状时运动的运动成分减慢。这些发现扩展了目前对双相情感障碍患者精神运动迟缓本质的认识，可能对患者具有重要的预后意义。
