Žifčáková Lucia, Větrovský Tomáš, Howe Adina, Baldrian Petr
Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, Praha 4, 14220, Czech Republic.
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
Environ Microbiol. 2016 Jan;18(1):288-301. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.13026. Epub 2015 Oct 14.
Understanding the ecology of coniferous forests is very important because these environments represent globally largest carbon sinks. Metatranscriptomics, microbial community and enzyme analyses were combined to describe the detailed role of microbial taxa in the functioning of the Picea abies-dominated coniferous forest soil in two contrasting seasons. These seasons were the summer, representing the peak of plant photosynthetic activity, and late winter, after an extended period with no photosynthate input. The results show that microbial communities were characterized by a high activity of fungi especially in litter where their contribution to microbial transcription was over 50%. Differences in abundance between summer and winter were recorded for 26-33% of bacterial genera and < 15% of fungal genera, but the transcript profiles of fungi, archaea and most bacterial phyla were significantly different among seasons. Further, the seasonal differences were larger in soil than in litter. Most importantly, fungal contribution to total microbial transcription in soil decreased from 33% in summer to 16% in winter. In particular, the activity of the abundant ectomycorrhizal fungi was reduced in winter, which indicates that plant photosynthetic production was likely one of the major drivers of changes in the functioning of microbial communities in this coniferous forest.
了解针叶林的生态非常重要，因为这些环境是全球最大的碳汇。结合宏转录组学、微生物群落和酶分析，以描述微生物类群在两个不同季节中以欧洲云杉为主的针叶林土壤功能中的详细作用。这两个季节分别是代表植物光合活动高峰期的夏季，以及在长时间没有光合产物输入后的冬末。结果表明，微生物群落的特征是真菌活性高，尤其是在凋落物中，其对微生物转录的贡献超过50%。夏季和冬季之间，26%-33%的细菌属和不到15%的真菌属丰度存在差异，但真菌、古菌和大多数细菌门的转录谱在不同季节之间存在显著差异。此外，土壤中的季节差异比凋落物中的更大。最重要的是，真菌对土壤中微生物总转录的贡献从夏季的33%降至冬季的16%。特别是，丰富的外生菌根真菌的活性在冬季降低，这表明植物光合产物可能是该针叶林微生物群落功能变化的主要驱动因素之一。
