Mbianda Christiane, El-Meanawy Ashraf, Sorokin Andrey
Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
J Clin Virol. 2015 Oct;71:59-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.08.003. Epub 2015 Aug 6.
BK virus (BKV) causes BKV nephritis in renal transplant patients and contributes significantly to the increase of probability of graft loss. BKV, being latent in the urogenital tract, is likely to be transported with the donor kidney to recipients and following reactivation replicates in the nucleus of renal epithelial tubular cells. BKV daughter viruses are released and enter other renal epithelial cells to spread infection. There are still a lot of unknown factors about the mechanism and kinetics of BKV infection. The treatment of BKV infection, with exception of reduction in immunosuppression which increases the risk of allograft rejection, is almost exclusively limited to application of anti-viral drugs with rather inconsistent results. The shortcomings of anti-viral therapies demand the understanding of early steps of infection of permissive cells by BK virus in hope that adequate interventional therapies preventing infection of cells with BK virus could be developed. This review describes the BKV entry in target human cells, intracellular trafficking pathways of BKV particles and potential therapeutic implications based on understanding of mechanisms of BKV infection of renal cells.
BK病毒（BKV）可导致肾移植患者发生BKV肾炎，并显著增加移植肾丢失的可能性。BKV潜伏于泌尿生殖道，很可能随供体肾一同被输送至受体，重新激活后在肾上皮肾小管细胞的细胞核中复制。BKV子代病毒释放后进入其他肾上皮细胞，从而传播感染。关于BKV感染的机制和动力学，仍有许多未知因素。BKV感染的治疗，除了降低免疫抑制（这会增加同种异体移植排斥反应的风险）外，几乎仅限于应用抗病毒药物，但其结果相当不一致。抗病毒疗法的缺点要求我们了解BK病毒感染易感细胞的早期步骤，以期开发出能够预防细胞被BK病毒感染的适当干预疗法。这篇综述描述了BKV进入靶人类细胞的过程、BKV颗粒的细胞内运输途径以及基于对肾细胞BKV感染机制的理解所具有的潜在治疗意义。
