Zeyl Timothy, Yin Erwei, Keightley Michelle, Chau Tom
IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2016 Jan;24(1):46-56. doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2015.2461495. Epub 2015 Aug 21.
Brain-computer interface (BCI) spellers could improve access to communication for people with profound physical disabilities; however, improved speed and accuracy of these spellers is required to make them practical for everyday use. Here we introduce the combination of P300-speller confidence with the error-related potential (ErrP) to improve online single-trial error detection and correction accuracies in a BCI speller. First, we present a mechanism for obtaining P300-confidence using a real-time Bayesian dynamic stopping framework that makes novel use of additional stimuli that occur due to epoch and filter delays. Second, we propose an ensemble of decision trees to combine ErrP and P300-confidence features. Third, we describe the unique attentional differences between error and correct feedback in our spelling interface and discuss how these differences affect ErrP physiology. We tested online error detection on 11 typically developed adults using a BCI system trained on a previous day and found an average sensitivity of 86.67% and specificity of 96.59%. Automatic correction increased selection accuracy by 13.67% and utility grew by a factor of 4.48. We found, however, that the improved performance was primarily attributable to the inclusion of P300 confidence in error detection, calling into question the significance of single-trial ErrP detection.
脑机接口(BCI)拼写器可以改善严重身体残疾者的沟通方式;然而,要使其在日常使用中切实可行,就需要提高这些拼写器的速度和准确性。在此,我们介绍将P300拼写器置信度与错误相关电位(ErrP)相结合,以提高BCI拼写器在线单试次错误检测和校正的准确性。首先,我们提出一种机制,利用实时贝叶斯动态停止框架来获取P300置信度,该框架创新性地利用了由于时段和滤波延迟而出现的额外刺激。其次,我们提出一种决策树集成方法,以结合ErrP和P300置信度特征。第三,我们描述了拼写界面中错误反馈和正确反馈之间独特的注意力差异,并讨论了这些差异如何影响ErrP生理机制。我们使用前一天训练的BCI系统,对11名发育正常的成年人进行了在线错误检测测试,发现平均灵敏度为86.67%,特异度为96.59%。自动校正使选择准确率提高了13.67%,实用性提高了4.48倍。然而,我们发现性能的提升主要归因于在错误检测中纳入了P300置信度,这使单试次ErrP检测的重要性受到质疑。