Spuling Svenja M, Huxhold Oliver, Wurm Susanne
German Centre of Gerontology, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Psychogerontology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Nuernberg, Germany.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2017 May 1;72(3):415-424. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbv057.
Previous studies have demonstrated that while health factors lose importance for the individual conceptualization of self-rated health (SRH) with advancing age, subjective well-being (SWB) factors gain in importance. The present study examined whether this age-related pattern differs between educational groups.
Longitudinal data of adults aged 40 years and older of the German Ageing Survey was used (N = 6,812). The role of education in age-related changes in the predictive value of different health and SWB facets for SRH was investigated with a cross-lagged panel regression model.
Physical conditions were a stronger predictor in lower than in higher educated individuals while the association did not change with age. In contrast, positive affect and life satisfaction only gained in importance with advancing age for higher educated individuals. Negative affect was an equally strong predictor independent of education, and loneliness had a stronger association with SRH in people with lower education compared to those with high education while the associations did not change with age.
The findings highlight the importance of considering the multidimensionality of SWB and the educational background of individuals for the study of SRH and indicate possible limits to adjustment to age-related declines in health.
以往研究表明，随着年龄增长，健康因素在个体自评健康（SRH）概念化中的重要性降低，而主观幸福感（SWB）因素的重要性增加。本研究考察了这种与年龄相关的模式在不同教育程度群体中是否存在差异。
使用德国老龄化调查中40岁及以上成年人的纵向数据（N = 6812）。采用交叉滞后面板回归模型研究教育在不同健康和SWB方面对SRH预测价值的年龄相关变化中的作用。
身体状况在受教育程度较低的个体中比在受教育程度较高的个体中是更强的预测因素，而这种关联不随年龄变化。相比之下，积极情感和生活满意度仅在受教育程度较高的个体中随着年龄增长而变得更加重要。消极情感是一个与教育无关的同样强大的预测因素，与高学历人群相比，孤独感在低学历人群中与SRH的关联更强，且这种关联不随年龄变化。
研究结果强调了在研究SRH时考虑SWB的多维性和个体教育背景的重要性，并指出了适应与年龄相关的健康下降的可能限制。
