Slater Louise
Pract Midwife. 2015 Jan;18(1):10-3.
The increase in substance use which occurred in the 1980s was disproportionately large among women of reproductive age, so both the numbers of women who use drugs and the duration of drug use have increased (Hepburn 2004). While drug use occurs throughout society, the type and pattern of drug use that is associated with medical and social problems is closely associated with socio-economic deprivation. Socio-economic deprivation is in turn associated with unhealthy lifestyles and behaviours such as smoking and poor diet. Deprivation, associated lifestyles and substance use adversely affect the health of mother and baby, so the effects are cumulative. Consequently women with problem drug and/or alcohol use have potentially complex pregnancies (Hepburn 2004).
20世纪80年代出现的物质使用增加现象在育龄妇女中尤为突出，因此使用毒品的妇女人数和吸毒持续时间均有所增加（赫本，2004年）。虽然吸毒现象在整个社会都存在，但与医疗和社会问题相关的吸毒类型和模式与社会经济贫困密切相关。社会经济贫困反过来又与吸烟和不良饮食等不健康的生活方式和行为有关。贫困、相关的生活方式和物质使用对母婴健康产生不利影响，因此这些影响是累积性的。因此，有毒品和/或酒精使用问题的妇女怀孕情况可能较为复杂（赫本，2004年）。
