The Gronowski Center, Palo Alto University, 5150 El Camino Real, C-22, Los Altos, CA 94022, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2014 Jun;41(2):267-96. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2014.03.001. Epub 2014 Apr 1.
Women who use tobacco, alcohol and drugs during pregnancy are at increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity. Universal screening using empirically validated approaches can improve identification of substance-using pregnant women and facilitate comprehensive assessment of treatment needs. There is strong evidence for effectiveness of psychosocial and behavioral substance abuse treatments across a range of intensities and levels of care. In addition to addressing substance use, services for co-occurring psychiatric disorders, trauma exposure, and prenatal care are important components of coordinated systems of care. More research on and greater access to evidence-based interventions is needed for this underserved population.
孕期吸烟、饮酒和吸毒的女性面临更高的母婴发病和死亡风险。采用经验证的方法进行普遍性筛查有助于提高对物质滥用孕妇的识别，并促进对治疗需求的全面评估。各种强度和级别的心理社会和行为物质滥用治疗均具有确切的疗效证据。除了解决物质使用问题外，同时处理并存的精神障碍、创伤暴露和产前保健也是协调护理系统的重要组成部分。对于这一服务不足的人群，需要开展更多的研究并增加获取循证干预措施的机会。
