Schallmo Michael-Paul, Kassel Michelle T, Weisenbach Sara L, Walker Sara J, Guidotti-Breting Leslie M, Rao Julia A, Hazlett Kathleen E, Considine Ciaran M, Sethi Gurpriya, Vats Naalti, Pecina Marta, Welsh Robert C, Starkman Monica N, Giordani Bruno, Langenecker Scott A
a Department of Psychiatry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2015;37(8):816-33. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2015.1052732.
List learning tasks are powerful clinical tools for studying memory, yet have been relatively underutilized within the functional imaging literature. This limits understanding of regions such as the Papez circuit that support memory performance in healthy, nondemented adults.
The current study characterized list learning performance in 40 adults who completed a semantic list learning task (SLLT) with a Brown-Peterson manipulation during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Cued recall with semantic cues and recognition memory were assessed after imaging. Internal reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity were evaluated.
Subjects averaged 38% accuracy in recall (62% for recognition), with primacy but no recency effects observed. Validity and reliability were demonstrated by showing that the SLLT was correlated with the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), but not with executive functioning tests, and by high intraclass correlation coefficient across lists for recall (.91). fMRI measurements during encoding (vs. silent rehearsal) revealed significant activation in bilateral hippocampus, parahippocampus, and bilateral anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. Post hoc analyses showed increased activation in anterior and middle hippocampus, subgenual cingulate, and mammillary bodies specific to encoding. In addition, increasing age was positively associated with increased activation in a diffuse network, particularly frontal cortex and specific Papez regions for correctly recalled words. Gender differences were specific to left inferior and superior frontal cortex.
This is a clinically relevant list learning task that can be used in studies of groups for which the Papez circuit is damaged or disrupted, in mixed or crossover studies at imaging and clinical sites.
列表学习任务是研究记忆的强大临床工具，但在功能成像文献中相对未得到充分利用。这限制了我们对诸如帕佩兹环路等在健康、非痴呆成年人中支持记忆表现的区域的理解。
本研究对40名成年人的列表学习表现进行了特征描述，这些成年人在功能磁共振成像（fMRI）期间完成了一项带有布朗 - 彼得森操作的语义列表学习任务（SLLT）。成像后评估了语义线索提示回忆和识别记忆。评估了内部信度、聚合效度和区分效度。
受试者回忆的平均准确率为38%（识别准确率为62%），观察到首因效应但未观察到近因效应。通过表明SLLT与加利福尼亚言语学习测试（CVLT）相关，但与执行功能测试无关，以及通过回忆的列表间高组内相关系数（.91），证明了效度和信度。编码期间（与无声复述相比）的fMRI测量显示双侧海马体、海马旁回以及双侧前扣带回和后扣带回皮质有显著激活。事后分析显示，编码特有的前海马体和中海马体、膝下扣带回和乳头体的激活增加。此外，年龄增长与一个弥散网络中激活增加呈正相关，特别是额叶皮质和正确回忆单词的特定帕佩兹区域。性别差异特定于左侧额下回和额上回皮质。
这是一项具有临床相关性的列表学习任务，可用于研究帕佩兹环路受损或中断的群体，以及成像和临床场所的混合或交叉研究。
