De la Mora Aldo, Pérez-Lachaud Gabriela, Lachaud Jean-Paul, Philpott Stacy M
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5 Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, México.
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Conservación de la Biodiversidad, Avenida Centenario km 5.5, Chetumal 77014, Quintana Roo, México.
Environ Entomol. 2015 Aug;44(4):939-50. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvv071. Epub 2015 May 6.
Parasitism of ants that nest in rotting wood by eucharitid wasps was studied in order to examine whether habitat and season influence ant parasitism, vegetation complexity and agrochemical use correlate with ant parasitism, and whether specific local and landscape features of agricultural landscapes correlate with changes in ant parasitism. In a coffee landscape, 30 coffee and 10 forest sites were selected in which local management (e.g., vegetation, agrochemical use) and landscape features (e.g., distance to forest, percent of rustic coffee nearby) were characterized. Rotten logs were sampled and ant cocoons were collected from logs and cocoons were monitored for parasitoid emergence. Sixteen ant morphospecies in three ant subfamilies (Ectatomminae, Ponerinae, and Formicinae) were found. Seven ant species parasitized by two genera of Eucharitidae parasitoids (Kapala and Obeza) were reported and some ant-eucharitid associations were new. According to evaluated metrics, parasitism did not differ with habitat (forest, high-shade coffee, low-shade coffee), but did increase in the dry season for Gnamptogenys ants. Parasitism increased with vegetation complexity for Gnamptogenys and Pachycondyla and was high in sites with both high and low agrochemical use. Two landscape variables and two local factors positively correlated with parasitism for some ant genera and species. Thus, differences in vegetation complexity at the local and landscape scale and agrochemical use in coffee landscapes alter ecological interactions between parasitoids and their ant hosts.
为了研究筑巢于腐烂木材中的蚂蚁被金小蜂寄生的情况，我们考察了栖息地和季节是否会影响蚂蚁的寄生情况，植被复杂性和农用化学品的使用是否与蚂蚁的寄生情况相关，以及农业景观的特定局部和景观特征是否与蚂蚁寄生情况的变化相关。在一片咖啡种植景观区域，我们选取了30个咖啡种植点和10个森林区域，对其局部管理情况（如植被、农用化学品的使用）和景观特征（如与森林的距离、附近乡村咖啡的比例）进行了特征描述。我们对腐烂的原木进行采样，并从原木中收集蚂蚁茧，监测茧中寄生蜂的羽化情况。我们发现了三个蚂蚁亚科（猛蚁亚科、 ponerinae亚科和蚁亚科）中的16种蚂蚁形态物种。报告了七种被两属金小蜂科寄生蜂（Kapala属和Obeza属）寄生的蚂蚁物种，其中一些蚂蚁与金小蜂的关联是新发现的。根据评估指标，寄生情况在不同栖息地（森林、高遮荫咖啡园、低遮荫咖啡园）之间没有差异，但在旱季，Gnamptogenys属蚂蚁的寄生情况有所增加。对于Gnamptogenys属和厚结猛蚁属蚂蚁，寄生情况随植被复杂性增加而增加，在农用化学品使用量高和低的区域寄生率都很高。两个景观变量和两个局部因素与某些蚂蚁属和物种的寄生情况呈正相关。因此，咖啡种植景观中局部和景观尺度上植被复杂性的差异以及农用化学品的使用改变了寄生蜂与其蚂蚁宿主之间的生态相互作用。
