老年患者的生理学考量
Physiology Considerations in Geriatric Patients.
作者信息
Alvis Bret D, Hughes Christopher G
机构信息
Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1211 21st Avenue South, 526 MAB, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1211 21st Avenue South, 526 MAB, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
出版信息
Anesthesiol Clin. 2015 Sep;33(3):447-56. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2015.05.003. Epub 2015 Jul 3.
Physiology changes at the structural, functional, and molecular levels as people age, and every major organ system experiences physiologic change with time. The changes to the nervous system result mostly in cognitive impairments, the cardiovascular system develops higher blood pressures with lower cardiac output, the respiratory system undergoes a reduction of arterial oxyhemoglobin levels, the gastrointestinal system experiences delayed gastric emptying and reduction of hepatic metabolism, and the renal system experiences a diminished glomerular filtration rate. Combined, these changes create a complex physiologic condition. This unique physiology must be taken into consideration for geriatric patients undergoing general anesthesia.
随着人们年龄的增长，生理机能在结构、功能和分子水平上都会发生变化，每个主要器官系统都会随着时间经历生理变化。神经系统的变化主要导致认知障碍，心血管系统会出现血压升高和心输出量降低的情况，呼吸系统会出现动脉氧合血红蛋白水平降低，胃肠道系统会出现胃排空延迟和肝脏代谢减少，而肾脏系统会出现肾小球滤过率降低。这些变化综合起来，形成了一种复杂的生理状况。对于接受全身麻醉的老年患者，必须考虑到这种独特的生理机能。
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