Sigurjonsdottir Vaka K, Runolfsdottir Hrafnhildur L, Indridason Olafur S, Palsson Runolfur, Edvardsson Vidar O
Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Children's Medical Center, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
BMC Nephrol. 2015 Aug 28;16:149. doi: 10.1186/s12882-015-0126-1.
Kidney stone disease has been associated with reduced kidney function and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective of the study was to examine kidney function, body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes in recurrent kidney stone formers.
A cross-sectional, case-control study comparing measures of kidney function, BMI and comorbid conditions was conducted in 195 kidney stone patients aged 18 to 70 years with recurrent clinical stone events and 390 age- and gender-matched controls. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, chi-square tests and analysis of covariance were used to compare serum creatinine (SCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between the groups.
The median age of stone formers was 51 (range, 19-70) years and 108 (55 %) were males. Seventy patients (36 %) had experienced 2-4 clinical stone events, 41 (21 %) 5-10 episodes and 84 (43 %) more than 10. The median SCr was 75 (41-140) μmol/L in the stone formers and 64 (34-168) μmol/L in the control group (p < 0.001). The mean eGFR was 87 ± 20 and 104 ± 22 mL/min/1.73 m(2) in the stone formers and controls, respectively (p < 0.001). After adjustment for body size and comorbid conditions, the difference in SCr and eGFR between cases and controls remained highly significant (p < 0.001). The prevalence of CKD was 9.3 % among stone formers compared with 1.3 % in the control group (P < 0.001). Hypertension and diabetes were significantly more prevalent among the cases that also had higher BMI than controls.
Recurrent kidney stone formers have a significantly lower level of kidney function and a markedly higher prevalence of CKD than age- and gender-matched control subjects. The observed deleterious effect of kidney stones on kidney function appears to be independent of comorbid conditions.
肾结石疾病与肾功能减退及慢性肾脏病（CKD）相关。本研究的目的是检测复发性肾结石患者的肾功能、体重指数（BMI）以及心血管疾病、高血压和糖尿病的患病率。
对195例年龄在18至70岁、有复发性临床结石事件的肾结石患者和390例年龄及性别匹配的对照者进行了一项横断面病例对照研究，比较肾功能、BMI及合并症的相关指标。采用Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney检验、卡方检验和协方差分析来比较两组之间的血清肌酐（SCr）和估计肾小球滤过率（eGFR）。
结石患者的中位年龄为51岁（范围19 - 70岁），男性108例（55%）。70例患者（36%）经历过2 - 4次临床结石事件，41例（21%）经历过5 - 10次，84例（43%）经历过10次以上。结石患者的SCr中位数为75（41 - 140）μmol/L，对照组为64（34 - 168）μmol/L（p < 0.001）。结石患者和对照组的平均eGFR分别为87 ± 20和104 ± 22 mL/min/1.73 m²（p < 0.001）。在对体型和合并症进行调整后，病例组和对照组之间SCr和eGFR的差异仍然非常显著（p < 0.001）。结石患者中CKD的患病率为9.3%，而对照组为1.3%（P < 0.001）。病例组中高血压和糖尿病的患病率也显著高于对照组，且病例组的BMI也更高。
与年龄及性别匹配的对照者相比，复发性肾结石患者的肾功能水平显著更低，CKD患病率明显更高。观察到的肾结石对肾功能的有害影响似乎独立于合并症。
