Li Shaoting, Zhang Cheng, Gu Yingyi, Chen Long, Ou Shiyi, Wang Yong, Peng Xichun
Department of Food Science and Engineering,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China.
Br J Nutr. 2015 Oct 28;114(8):1188-94. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515002858. Epub 2015 Aug 28.
There is controversy over previous findings that a high ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes helps obese animals harvest energy from the diet. To further investigate the relationship between microbial composition and energy harvest, microbial adaptation to diet and time should be considered. In this study, lean and obese rats were successfully induced with low-fat and high-fat diets. An 8-week high soyabean fibre (HSF)-containing diet was then fed to investigate the interaction between the diet and the rats' gut microbiota, as well as their influence on rats' growth. Rats' body weight (BW) was recorded weekly; their plasma lipids and their gut microbiota at week 11, 15 and 19 were analysed. After the consumption of the HSF diet, BW of lean rats increased significantly (P<0·05), but no significant alteration in BW was found in obese rats. The average content of plasma cholesterol was lowered and that of TAG was upgraded in both the groups when fed the HSF diet. There was no significant difference observed at each period between lean and obese rats. In the group of lean rats, the diversity of gut microbiota was elevated strongly (P<0·01), and bacteria from phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were both increased largely (P<0·01); however, the bacterial diversity and composition in obese rats were less altered after the HSF diet control. In conclusion, the increased Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes might relate to lean rats' higher BW gain; 'obese microbiota' could not help the hosts harvest more energy from the HSF diet.
之前有研究发现厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比例较高有助于肥胖动物从饮食中获取能量，这一发现存在争议。为了进一步研究微生物组成与能量获取之间的关系，应考虑微生物对饮食和时间的适应性。在本研究中，通过低脂和高脂饮食成功诱导出瘦大鼠和肥胖大鼠。然后给它们喂食为期8周的含高大豆纤维（HSF）的饮食，以研究饮食与大鼠肠道微生物群之间的相互作用，以及它们对大鼠生长的影响。每周记录大鼠的体重（BW）；分析它们在第11、15和19周时的血脂和肠道微生物群。食用HSF饮食后，瘦大鼠的体重显著增加（P<0·05），但肥胖大鼠的体重未发现显著变化。喂食HSF饮食时，两组大鼠的血浆胆固醇平均含量均降低，甘油三酯含量均升高。在每个时期，瘦大鼠和肥胖大鼠之间均未观察到显著差异。在瘦大鼠组中，肠道微生物群的多样性显著升高（P<0·01），厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的细菌数量均大幅增加（P<0·01）；然而，肥胖大鼠在HSF饮食控制后的细菌多样性和组成变化较小。总之，厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门数量的增加可能与瘦大鼠体重增加较多有关；“肥胖微生物群”无法帮助宿主从HSF饮食中获取更多能量。
