Shaparenko P F
Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1989 Dec;97(12):51-5.
In 926 children (7 age groups) combined group differences of the signs have been studied by means of a unified standardized method, using the hand length as a linear measure; the conformity index to definitive size has been applied. For newborns proportional discrepancy to the definitive sizes is specific. They have a relatively long, thick and round body, short extremities, large dimensions of the head and abundant adipose subcutaneous deposits. According to the constitutional peculiarities the newborns resemble the children of the digestive type in mature persons--pycnotic or endomorphic. Beginning from birth, including children of early and first childhood (4-7 years of age), age changes of complexion go in two directions: a) dolichomorphy of complexion is realized; for it decreasing diameters of the chest and dimensions of the neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis (in boys), shoulder, arm, hand, foot and decrease in the subcutaneous adipose tissue are specific; b) longitudinal proportions of body and extremity segments change under influence of biomechanical adaptations to physical loads in connection with adaptation to the vertical position.
对926名儿童（7个年龄组）采用统一的标准化方法，以手长作为线性测量指标，研究体征的综合组间差异；应用了与最终尺寸的符合指数。新生儿与最终尺寸的比例差异具有特殊性。他们的身体相对较长、粗壮且圆润，四肢短小，头部尺寸较大，皮下脂肪堆积丰富。根据体质特点，新生儿类似于成熟人群中消化型的儿童——紧实型或内胚层体型。从出生开始，包括幼儿期和童年早期（4至7岁）的儿童，肤色的年龄变化呈现两个方向：a）肤色变得细长；其特征是胸部直径减小以及颈部、胸部、腹部、骨盆（男孩）、肩部、手臂、手部、足部尺寸减小，皮下脂肪组织减少；b）身体和四肢各节段的纵向比例在与适应垂直姿势相关的对身体负荷的生物力学适应影响下发生变化。
